Biology (BIOL)

BIOL 110 Introductory Zoology

A study of the functional morphology of selected animals with special emphasis on the various grades of organization and development in the different phyla. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003654On ucalendarBIOL 110 today

BIOL 110W Unifying Life Processes (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015656On ucalendarBIOL 110W today

BIOL 111W Biological Diversity and Evolution (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015525On ucalendarBIOL 111W today

BIOL 120 Introduction to Plant Structure and Function

A brief introduction to plant diversity, and the anatomy and physiology of vascular plants. The course will include a description of major cell and tissue types, and their organization in roots, stems, and leaves. Topics such as the processes of water and ion uptake, photosynthesis, long distance transport, and growth regulation will also be covered. [Offered: W,S]

LEC · Course ID 003657On ucalendarBIOL 120 today

BIOL 130 Introductory Cell Biology

An introduction to the concepts of cell biology with emphasis on (1) the structural organization of the cell and (2) the function of critical molecular processes that are characteristic of living organisms. [Note: BIOL 130L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs. Offered: F,W]

LEC · Course ID 011617On ucalendarBIOL 130 today

BIOL 130L Cell Biology Laboratory

Experiments to study the principles of cell biology that are elaborated in BIOL 130. [Offered: F,S]

LAB · Course ID 011567On ucalendarBIOL 130L today

BIOL 150 Organismal and Evolutionary Ecology

This course provides students with an introduction to the basic principles of Scientific Reasoning, Ecology and Evolution. Coverage includes hypothesis testing and the nature of scientific inquiry, basic population genetics, physiological ecology, life histories, dispersal, basic population and community ecology, macroevolution, systematics and classification, as well as functional morphology. [Formerly BIOL 250. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003668On ucalendarBIOL 150 today

BIOL 165 Diversity of Life

An introduction to the diversity of living organisms from simple prokaryotes to complex eukaryotes. Current ideas on classification and phylogeny will be compared with traditional schemes. Morphology, ecology, and economic uses of representative Phyla and Divisions will be discussed. [Formerly BIOL 265. Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 009491On ucalendarBIOL 165 today

BIOL 201 Human Anatomy

This course takes a systems approach to study the structure of the human body and its relationship to function. [Formerly BIOL 301; Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003651On ucalendarBIOL 201 today

BIOL 211 Introductory Vertebrate Zoology

An introduction to the structure, evolution and development of vertebrate organ systems. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003655On ucalendarBIOL 211 today

BIOL 225 Plants and Civilization

This course examines the importance of plants and the role they have in the local and global community. It introduces students to the impact of plants on the past, present and future of human civilization and describes the importance of plants as sources of food, medicine, fuel, shelter, clothing and psychoactive agents. Topics include medicinal plants and human health, the origin of agricultural crops, plants that changed the course of history, plant-based biofuels, the green revolution, plant biotechnology and genetic engineering of plants. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 014403On ucalendarBIOL 225 today

BIOL 239 Genetics

Mendelian genetics. Chromosomal mechanisms in mitosis and meiosis. The origin, inheritance and adaptive significance of chromosomal changes. Nucleic acids as the carriers of genetic information. Natural selection and the evolution of genetic systems. [Formerly BIOL 139. Offered: W,S; online F]

LEC · Course ID 003665On ucalendarBIOL 239 today

BIOL 240 Fundamentals of Microbiology

Introduction to the biology of bacterial and archaeal organisms. Topics include cell structure and function, methods of cultivation, genetics, phylogeny and taxonomy, and metabolic and genetic diversity. [Note: BIOL 240L must be completed before taking BIOL 241. BIOL 240L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs. Formerly BIOL 140. Offered: F; online W, S]

LEC · Course ID 011618On ucalendarBIOL 240 today

BIOL 240L Microbiology Laboratory

Experiments to study the principles of microbiology that are elaborated in BIOL 240. [Formerly BIOL 140L. Offered: S, F]

LAB · Course ID 011568On ucalendarBIOL 240L today

BIOL 241 Introduction to Applied Microbiology

Introduction to microbial ecology, environmental microbiology, food microbiology and medical microbiology. Topics in environmental microbiology include biogeochemical cycling and biological treatment of wastes and pollutants. Topics in medical microbiology include concepts of immunology and host-parasite relationships. [Offered: W,S]

LEC · Course ID 003667On ucalendarBIOL 241 today

BIOL 266 Introduction to Computational Biology

This course provides an introduction to computational methods in biology, including exploration of bioinformatics databases and tools, analysis of protein and DNA sequences, and computer-aided modelling of biological systems. Labs will include practical experience applying computational tools to biological problems. [Note: Formerly BIOL 366. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 011508On ucalendarBIOL 266 today

BIOL 273 Principles of Human Physiology 1

The physiology of major organ systems of the human body. Topics include neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system, muscle, the cardiovascular system, the components of blood, respiratory system and immune system. The combination of BIOL 273 and BIOL 373 covers all of the major topics of human physiology. [Note: BIOL 373L may be required for entrance to certain professional/graduate programs; Offered: F, W and online S]

LEC · Course ID 003669On ucalendarBIOL 273 today

BIOL 276W Life on Earth: Microbes (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015926On ucalendarBIOL 276W today

BIOL 277 BIOL 277

BIOL 277

LEC · Course ID 014713On ucalendarBIOL 277 today

BIOL 280 Introduction to Biophysics

Introduction to a physical understanding of biological systems at macro and molecular scales. The course is intended for second-year science and engineering students and will cover a broad spectrum of topics in biophysics, as well as an introduction to neurobiology, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. [Offered: W,S]

LEC · Course ID 012773On ucalendarBIOL 280 today

BIOL 302 Functional Histology

A hierarchical approach to biological structure with an emphasis on functional morphology. Starting with the cell, the fundamental unit of structure and function, the material progressively develops how cells organize to form tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue and muscle. Emphasis on how these tissue building blocks cooperate to form the major organs and organ systems of the human body. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003673On ucalendarBIOL 302 today

BIOL 303 Introductory Developmental Biology and Embryology

Fundamental processes and concepts in embryonic development including the acquisition of multicellularity, organization of the early embryo, morphogenesis of tissues, major organ systems, fetal membranes, growth, differentiation and analysis of common developmental defects. [Offered: F, S]

LEC · Course ID 003674On ucalendarBIOL 303 today

BIOL 308 Principles of Molecular Biology

Prokaryote and eukaryote genome structure and replication; mechanisms of gene expression and regulation. [Note: BIOL 240 is recommended. BIOL 308 is recommended for those wishing a general understanding in molecular biology. Students intending to take several upper year molecular biology courses are advised to take BIOL 308 and BIOL 309 concurrently. BIOL 308 is required as a prerequisite for the following courses: BIOL 331, 403, 428, 431, 434, 438, 441, 442, 448. Offered: F, S]

LEC · Course ID 012246On ucalendarBIOL 308 today

BIOL 308W Animal Behaviour (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 012604On ucalendarBIOL 308W today

BIOL 309 Analytical Methods in Molecular Biology

An introduction to molecular methods used to analyze the structure of genes and genomes, including DNA sequencing, cloning, restriction mapping and bioinformatic tools. Techniques to monitor transcript and protein abundance, protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions will also be covered. [Note: BIOL 240 is recommended. BIOL 309 is recommended for students intending to take upper year molecular biology courses. BIOL 309 is a required prerequisite for: BIOL 331, 342, 335L, 428, 431, 434, 438. Formerly BIOL 208. Offered: F,S]

LEC · Course ID 012245On ucalendarBIOL 309 today

BIOL 310 Invertebrate Zoology

The diversity of invertebrate animals will be explored in this class. Topics covered will include reproduction, development, life history, feeding, locomotion, and behaviour. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003675On ucalendarBIOL 310 today

BIOL 312 The Natural History of Aquatic Organisms

This course will introduce students to the diversity of freshwater organisms and their habitats. Emphasis will be placed on sampling techniques, taxonomic identification, life histories, and adaptations to aquatic environments. The course will introduce students to the use of aquatic organisms in environmental impact and biodiversity assessments. Students must be prepared to work outdoors in potentially inclement weather. [Note: A field trip fee of $60 is required toward the cost of transportation; Offered: S]

LEC · Course ID 015957On ucalendarBIOL 312 today

BIOL 321 Plant Anatomy and Morphogenesis

Plant structure in relation to tissue formation and development with particular reference to the angiosperms. Cell, tissue and organ differentiation will be discussed. Phenotypic variation in response to environmental influences will also be covered. [Offered in Fall of even years]

LEC · Course ID 010002On ucalendarBIOL 321 today

BIOL 323 Plant Physiology

A study of plant physiological processes with an emphasis on the role of key metabolic pathways in plant growth and development. Topics such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, growth regulators, mineral nutrition, water relations, and stress physiology will be covered. [Offered in Fall of odd years]

LEC · Course ID 003680On ucalendarBIOL 323 today

BIOL 325 Flowering Plants

A study of floral morphology in relation to classification and evolution. An introduction to taxonomy and nomenclature. History of taxonomy. Systems of classification. Mechanisms of pollination. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 010179On ucalendarBIOL 325 today

BIOL 331 Advanced Cell Biology

The functional organization of cells with particular reference to cell-cell interaction, the structure, function and development of organelles and the biological roles of cellular membranes. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003685On ucalendarBIOL 331 today

BIOL 335L Molecular Biology Techniques

Selected experiments to provide students with a range of laboratory skills in recombinant DNA technology. [Note: Students in the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Specialization are encouraged to take this course unless they have previous laboratory experience involving molecular biology techniques. Offered: F,W]

LAB · Course ID 003724On ucalendarBIOL 335L today

BIOL 341 Fundamentals of Immunology

This course will provide students with an understanding of the fundamental concepts of the vertebrate immune system. Topics will focus on the components of the immune system, innate and adaptive immunity, immune cell development, communication, and recognition of non-self leading to an immune response. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 015026On ucalendarBIOL 341 today

BIOL 342 Molecular Biotechnology 1

Molecular biotechnology applies the principles of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering, gene cloning) to the development of commercial products. The methods of recombinant DNA technology, molecular diagnostic systems for detecting diseases and transgenic organisms will be discussed. [Note: Recommended prerequisite BIOL 241. It is recommended that BIOL 342 be taken after completion of second year. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003691On ucalendarBIOL 342 today

BIOL 345 Microorganisms in Foods

Food preservation, spoilage, poisoning and modern concepts in quality assurance programs are studied. The aim is to understand factors governing microbial changes in foods. Problem solving in the food industry is emphasized. Laboratory work will reflect current practices in quality control and testing. [Note: Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003734On ucalendarBIOL 345 today

BIOL 346 Microbial Ecology and Diversity

Examples from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and plant- and animal-associated environments, will be used to illustrate the activities and diversity of microorganisms in these habitats. The importance of the ecological roles of microbes to aspects of agriculture, geochemistry, human biology, and the biology of extreme environments will be considered. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003735On ucalendarBIOL 346 today

BIOL 348L Laboratory Methods in Microbiology

Selected experiments to provide students with a range of laboratory skills in microbiology. [Offered: W]

LAB · Course ID 011570On ucalendarBIOL 348L today

BIOL 349 Synthetic Biology Project Design

Synthetic biology involves developing new approaches, based on engineering principles, for genetic engineering of biological systems. Students will prepare a comprehensive research proposal for a synthetic biology project of their own design, under the supervision of a faculty member. Attendance at a weekly journal club focused on synthetic biology will be mandatory [Offered: F,W,S].

PRJ · Course ID 013110On ucalendarBIOL 349 today

BIOL 350 Ecosystem Ecology

This course provides an overview of the dynamic interactions among microbes, plants, animals and their physical environment with emphasis on ecosystem structure and function. Topics include the hydrological cycle, biogeochemical cycling, ecological energetics, roles of population and community interactions, paleoecology and current topics in ecosystem science. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 012918On ucalendarBIOL 350 today

BIOL 351 Aquatic Ecology

Study of the structure and function of lake and stream ecosystems. The course emphasizes biological components and processes, but includes the origin and nature of lake and stream systems and the fundamentals of surface water chemistry and physics. Human influences, management options and current issues will be examined with readings and project work. [Note: Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003740On ucalendarBIOL 351 today

BIOL 354 Environmental Toxicology 1

An introduction to the basic theories, principles and techniques of environmental toxicology. A comparative study of the effects of specific groups of toxicants on ecosystems; biodegradation and cycling. [Offered: F,S]

LEC · Course ID 003694On ucalendarBIOL 354 today

BIOL 355 Biology of Human Aging

An overview of current aspects of the biology of human aging and the functional changes associated with both normal aging and pathological problems often present in the elderly. Biological theories of aging and normal age-related structural and physiological changes on all of the major body systems will be discussed. Extrinsic factors such as diet and exercise and their role on the aging process will be examined as well as various medical treatments. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 013897On ucalendarBIOL 355 today

BIOL 359 Evolution 1: Mechanisms

A study of the processes of evolution; the differentiation of populations and the origin of new forms of life. [Offered: F, W; online S]

LEC · Course ID 003748On ucalendarBIOL 359 today

BIOL 360 Evolution 2: Fossil Record

An overview of the origin of life, how it evolved and diversified, modern principles of paleontology with particular emphasis on analytical tools to interpret ancient life forms. Patterns, processes of evolution and paleoecology of key groups of microfossils, invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and their trace fossils. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 004838On ucalendarBIOL 360 today

BIOL 361 Biostatistics and Experimental Design

An introduction to hypothesis testing and experimental design in Biology. Topics will include: exploratory data analysis, analysis of variance, categorical data analysis, correlation, linear regression, multiple linear regression, power analysis, visualization tools and statistical software. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 009500On ucalendarBIOL 361 today

BIOL 364 Mathematical Modelling in Biology

An introduction to the mathematical modelling of biological processes using a variety of techniques including linear difference models, ordinary differential equations, and Markov models. Modelling applications ranging from genetics to ecosystem biology will be addressed. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 013528On ucalendarBIOL 364 today

BIOL 365 Methods in Bioinformatics

This course covers bioinformatics methods with an emphasis on analysis of high-throughput `-omics' data. Topics include analysis of genome-scale gene and protein expression, construction of species and gene trees from molecular sequence data, and analysis of biological systems using bioinformatics tools. Included will be practical experience with bioinformatics tools and datasets. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 009501On ucalendarBIOL 365 today

BIOL 370 Comparative Animal Physiology: Environmental Aspects

A comparative study of salt and water balance, circulation, respiratory systems, nitrogenous excretion, and mechanisms of energy acquisition and metabolism in animals. Adaptations to different environments will be emphasized. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003696On ucalendarBIOL 370 today

BIOL 371 Comparative Animal Physiology: Evolutionary Themes

A comparative study of neural, sensory, endocrine, digestive and reproductive strategies across animal taxa. The emphasis will be on evolutionary themes at the organismal, cellular and molecular levels. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003697On ucalendarBIOL 371 today

BIOL 373 Principles of Human Physiology 2

The physiology of major organ systems of the human body. Topics include the central nervous system, the sense organs, the digestive system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, and the excretory system. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 010000On ucalendarBIOL 373 today

BIOL 373L Human Physiology Laboratory

Laboratory exercises to study the principles of human physiology. [Offered: W]

LAB · Course ID 010001On ucalendarBIOL 373L today

BIOL 376 Cellular Neurophysiology

This course gives students background in neuronal signaling, ion channels, and methods in electrophysiological recording methods. The course requires completion of neuro-simulation laboratories, which provide an introduction to biophysical modelling to explain the functions of neural systems. [Note: PHYS 111/112 are recommended; Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 012976On ucalendarBIOL 376 today

BIOL 382 Computational Modelling of Cellular Systems

An introduction to dynamic mathematical modeling of cellular processes. The emphasis is on using computational tools to investigate differential equation-based models. A variety of cellular phenomena are discussed, including ion pumps, membrane potentials, intercellular communication, genetic networks, regulation of metabolic pathways, and signal transduction. [Note: Offered in the winter of even numbered years.]

LEC · Course ID 011910On ucalendarBIOL 382 today

BIOL 383 Tropical Ecosystems

This course examines the fundamental concepts of terrestrial ecosystems in tropical climates. The course has three sections: (1) biophysical aspects (climate, location, landforms, soil, vegetation), (2) tropical resource systems (forest- and agroecosystems) within the framework of conventional and sustainable resource extraction, and (3) current conservation issues. Case studies are presented.

LEC · Course ID 012580On ucalendarBIOL 383 today

BIOL 393W Biostatistics (WLU)

Taught at Wilfrid Laurier University. Refer to WLU calendar for details.

LEC · Course ID 015251On ucalendarBIOL 393W today

BIOL 396W Special Topics in Biology (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 013933On ucalendarBIOL 396W today

BIOL 403 Advanced Topics in Developmental Biology

This course explores the cellular and molecular basis of developmental phenomena in animals. Lectures will emphasize the experimental basis for both historical and contemporary knowledge with a focus on the major developmental systems in model organisms. Course content will concentrate on themes that permeate current published research. [Note: BIOL 208/309 is recommended as a prerequisite. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003701On ucalendarBIOL 403 today

BIOL 405W Community Ecology (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015887On ucalendarBIOL 405W today

BIOL 407W Animal Communication (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 014477On ucalendarBIOL 407W today

BIOL 409W Conservation Biology (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015888On ucalendarBIOL 409W today

BIOL 414 Parasitology

This course will explore how parasites affect their host(s) and interact with other parasites. Attention will be given to eukaryotic parasites impacting human and domestic animal health. Public measures of parasite control will be covered. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 014689On ucalendarBIOL 414 today

BIOL 416W Pathophysiology

LEC · Course ID 014985On ucalendarBIOL 416W today

BIOL 426 Phycology

Algae and applied uses of algae. Topics include examination of algal groups from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Uses of algae in industry and food as well as negative impacts of various algal groups. [Notes: Offered in odd numbered years. Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003713On ucalendarBIOL 426 today

BIOL 428 Plant Molecular Genetics

An examination of the current molecular techniques used to study plant development physiology. Topics include mutant isolation, transcript and metabolite profiling, gene silencing and protein localization. [Note: BIOL 120 is recommended; Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003716On ucalendarBIOL 428 today

BIOL 431 Bacterial Molecular Genetics

Bacterial molecular biology with an emphasis on the use of genetic tools to study the biology of microorganisms. Topics include mutagenesis, conjugation, recombination, gene regulation, plasmids, transposons, bacteriophage and genomics. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003718On ucalendarBIOL 431 today

BIOL 432 Molecular Biotechnology 2

How recombinant DNA technology is used to produce vaccines, pharmaceuticals, crop plants, and other commercial products will be discussed. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003720On ucalendarBIOL 432 today

BIOL 433 Plant Biotechnology

Biotechnological approaches and their applications in plant genetic manipulation, transformation and cell culture for plant improvement, propagation, and biochemical production. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003721On ucalendarBIOL 433 today

BIOL 434 Human Molecular Genetics

Recent advances in human molecular genetics will be examined with emphasis on how human disease-causing genes are mapped, identified, isolated and characterized. Examples will draw from research on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington disease, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer disease, cancer, vision defects and other disorders. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003722On ucalendarBIOL 434 today

BIOL 438 Molecular Biology of Animal Development

An examination of the current major issues in the regulation of gene expression during animal development with emphasis on technical and conceptual advances. Current research literature will be reviewed. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003727On ucalendarBIOL 438 today

BIOL 439 Environmental and Natural Products Biochemistry

This course deals with the functions, distribution and environmental ramifications of natural compounds produced by plants and other biological systems. Natural products are those compounds usually described as secondary metabolites, i.e. those apparently non-essential products whose physiological and ecological functions are either obscure or are of peripheral importance to the organism. However, many of these non-essential products have profound competitive, economic and pharmacological significance; and as research proceeds, their physiological roles within the parent organisms are becoming clearer. As well, this course has a strong emphasis on how environmental chemical and physical processes impact on living organisms and their biochemistry. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003728On ucalendarBIOL 439 today

BIOL 441 Advances in Immunology

A survey of the recent advances in the vertebrate immune response; the cells and tissues of the lymphoid system; humoral and cell-mediated immunity; initiation and regulation of the immune response; the immune system and disease, emerging techniques used in immunology. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003730On ucalendarBIOL 441 today

BIOL 442 Virology

A survey of viral structures, life cycles, and the interactions of viruses with their hosts. The laboratory component will include procedures used for viral detection and titration, as well as individual library research projects. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003731On ucalendarBIOL 442 today

BIOL 443 Fermentation Biotechnology

Biology of industrial micro-organisms: fermentation systems; fermentation raw materials; downstream processing; biomass production; food fermentations; production of industrial chemicals, food additives, enzymes and other products by fermentation. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003732On ucalendarBIOL 443 today

BIOL 444 Bacterial Pathogenesis

A study of the bacteria involved in pathogenesis, their mode of infection, symptoms and prevention of diseases. The laboratory will focus on identification of bacterial isolates. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003733On ucalendarBIOL 444 today

BIOL 447 Environmental Microbiology

A study of the environmental impact of microorganisms. Aspects of pollution, waste treatment, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, and nutrient cycling will be examined. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003736On ucalendarBIOL 447 today

BIOL 448 Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry

A study of the physiology of microorganisms. Provides biochemical and molecular level detail on the diverse structures and metabolic functions of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal cells. Aspects of microbial growth, nutrition and metabolism are examined in the context of how microorganisms develop diverse solutions for meeting essential requirements for life. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003737On ucalendarBIOL 448 today

BIOL 449 Public Health Microbiology

How the health of human populations is influenced by microbial communities. Aspects of the epidemiology of infectious diseases, factors influencing the emergence of microbial pathogens and antibiotic-resistant strains, means to control undesired microbial populations in habitats such as water, biodegradable materials and food will be discussed. Approaches to the regulation and monitoring of microbial agents will also be examined. [Note: It is recommended that one or more of BIOL 341, BIOL 345, BIOL 444 or BIOL 447 be taken before or with BIOL 449. Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 012173On ucalendarBIOL 449 today

BIOL 450 Marine Biology

Ecological processes and evolutionary adaptation are explored in the world's largest and most diverse ecosystems. The major ocean habitats will be characterized, stressing their importance as resources, moderators of climate and reservoirs of biodiversity. [Notes: Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003739On ucalendarBIOL 450 today

BIOL 451 Advanced Ecology and Evolution

Students will use scientific literature to explore and analyze a range of advanced topics in ecology and evolution at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem scales. Recent advances in understanding of fundamental concepts as well as current frontiers in the field will be examined through written reports, essays, and oral presentations. [Note: BIOL 165 is recommended; Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 015956On ucalendarBIOL 451 today

BIOL 452 Quantitative Fisheries Biology

The practices of fisheries science including the effects of industrial fisheries on fish stocks, methods of capture, obtaining, using and interpretation of vital statistics of fish stocks, population estimation, stock-recruitment, growth, mortality and fecundity. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical information for making ecological inferences about the status of fish populations. Familiarity with linear regression is essential. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003741On ucalendarBIOL 452 today

BIOL 455 Ecological Risk Assessment and Management

Examination of the use of scientific information characterizing the risks posed to the environment by anthropogenic stresses. Discussions will take place in the context of aquatic ecology and presume a background of standard aquatic toxicology methods. Methods for assessing risks, including environmental impact assessment, risk quotients, national and international risk assessment paradigms, and cumulative effects assessment will be examined. Critical connections between assessment and management will also be discussed. [Offered: F of even years]

LEC · Course ID 003744On ucalendarBIOL 455 today

BIOL 456 Population Biology

The analysis of the structure and dynamics of plant and animal populations. Theoretical, mathematical and experimental approaches to the study of population ecology. [Note: Students are advised that this course involves computer and numerical applications. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 003745On ucalendarBIOL 456 today

BIOL 457 Analysis of Communities

A study of the organization, structure and development of communities with emphasis on vegetation change. Topics include: diversity, stability; succession; sampling procedures and multivariate analysis. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003746On ucalendarBIOL 457 today

BIOL 458 Quantitative Ecology

The course addresses the integration of mathematical and statistical tools to solve problems in ecology, using examples from individual, population, community, and ecosystem scales. Coursework will explore the relationships between models, hypotheses, experiments and data.

LEC · Course ID 013953On ucalendarBIOL 458 today

BIOL 459W Endocrinology (WLU)

Taught at Wilfrid Laurier University. Refer to WLU calendar for details.

LEC · Course ID 016452On ucalendarBIOL 459W today

BIOL 461 Advanced Biostatistics

Advanced aspects of statistics and experimental design for biologists. Topics will include analysis of variance (factorial, hierarchical and blocking designs; fixed- and random-effects models); a-priori and a-posteriori comparisons; multivariate analysis of variance; analysis of covariance; multiple linear regression; multivariate statistics (indirect and direct gradient analysis). [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003751On ucalendarBIOL 461 today

BIOL 462 Applied Wetland Science

Advanced concepts on wetland ecosystems in the context of regional and global earth systems processes such as carbon and nitrogen cycling and climate change, applications of wetland paleoecology, use of isotopes and other geochemical tools in wetland science, and wetland engineering in landscape rehabilitation and ecotechnology. Current issues in Canada and abroad will be examined. [Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 012909On ucalendarBIOL 462 today

BIOL 463W Environmental Stress Biology of Plants (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015229On ucalendarBIOL 463W today

BIOL 464W Plants and People (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 003752On ucalendarBIOL 464W today

BIOL 465 Structural Bioinformatics

Functional and structural analysis of proteins using bioinformatics tools. Topics include protein structure visualization, structure comparison and prediction, prediction of protein function and interactions, molecular dynamics, and protein design. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 010003On ucalendarBIOL 465 today

BIOL 468W Plant Biodiversity and Conservation (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 015228On ucalendarBIOL 468W today

BIOL 469 Genomics

An applied course on the computational exploration of genomes. Topics include comparative and evolutionary genomics, metagenomics, and genomics applications in health/medicine. The lab will involve analysis of genomic datasets using scripting and bioinformatic software. [Note: Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 014880On ucalendarBIOL 469 today

BIOL 470 Methods of Aquatic Ecology

An introduction to methods used to sample and characterize the ecological structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, including basic aspects of the abiotic environment. Field trips to lake and stream sites are combined with laboratory analysis of samples and data. While the main emphasis is on the techniques, the exercises also provide direct experience with some of the natural and anthropogenic variation observable in aquatic systems. [Note: Formerly BIOL 460L. Field Trip fee of $60 is required toward the cost of transportation.Offered: F]

LAB · Course ID 003750On ucalendarBIOL 470 today

BIOL 472 Cell Biology of Human Disease

This course focuses on the nature and mechanisms of disease processes. Abnormalities in the structure and function of cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease are explored. Emphasis is placed on current research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of disease and disease therapy, covering topics including inherited disorders, cellular pathology and immunology, diabetes and cancer. [Note: Offered F]

LEC · Course ID 013530On ucalendarBIOL 472 today

BIOL 473 Mammalian Reproduction

This course will provide an in-depth coverage of reproductive biology in a range of mammalian species. Emphasis will be on the principles underlying the regulation of key reproductive processes, from the whole animal to the molecular level. Topics will include applications of these principles to human and veterinary medicine, and ethical problems posed by some reproductive technologies. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 003756On ucalendarBIOL 473 today

BIOL 475 Current Topics in Microbiology

Students will explore and analyze a variety of often controversial topics in microbiology as reflected in popular culture and the current scientific literature. This course involves significant in-class group work. An essay and presentations are required. [Offered W]

LEC · Course ID 011571On ucalendarBIOL 475 today

BIOL 476 Systems Neuroscience: From Neurons to Behaviour

Systems neuroscience attempts to explain complex functions of the nervous system in terms of underlying neural circuits. The course focuses on how neural circuits analyze sensory information, form perceptions, make decisions, and execute movements, as well as contribute to high-level mental functions such as language, memory, and self-awareness. [Note: BIOL 376 is recommended. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 012174On ucalendarBIOL 476 today

BIOL 477L Techniques in Animal Physiology

Laboratory exercises and computer-based data collection to study the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, digestive and excretory systems of vertebrates and invertebrate animals. Students will learn animal handling techniques, data collection with state of the art physiological equipment and data analysis using computer software. Tutorials will allow students to investigate and discuss current animal physiology research topics in greater detail. [Formerly BIOL 374L. Offered: W]

LAB · Course ID 003698On ucalendarBIOL 477L today

BIOL 479 Population Genetics and Evolution

This course provides an overview of the interplay among mutation, random and non-random mating, genetic drift, gene flow and selection within and among natural populations. Special emphasis is placed on the dynamic role these factors play in the process of population divergence, and ultimately speciation. Case studies will illustrate the application of population genetic methodology in fields such as ecology, conservation biology, and forensic sciences. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 012404On ucalendarBIOL 479 today

BIOL 483 Animal Cell Biotechnology

A study of the techniques and applications of animal cell culture to biotechnology. Topics include basic cell culture technique, gene modification, products of animal cell culture, large-scale productions, and tissue engineering. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 012166On ucalendarBIOL 483 today

BIOL 484 Advanced Eukaryotic Genetics

The role of classical genetic analysis in the context of today's genomic era. Topics: meiotic recombination, meiosis, complementation analysis, chromosome aberrations, and genetic interactions. Methods used in model eukaryotic genetic organisms such as forward and reverse genetic screens, genetic mosaics, conditional mutants, and genetic mapping will be discussed. Examples will illustrate how genes continue to be identified using classical-based approaches in a variety of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, cancer and metastasis, learning and memory, as well as pattern formation and embryonic development. Alternatives to traditional mutagenesis-based screens and the links between classical and molecular genetics will also be discussed. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 012330On ucalendarBIOL 484 today

BIOL 485 Conservation Biology

An introduction to conservation biology and the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Topics will include the history of conservation biology and impacts on populations, communities, and ecosystems. [Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 014515On ucalendarBIOL 485 today

BIOL 486 Glycobiology

Monosaccharides and their linkages; conformations of oligosaccharides; glycoconjugates/glycoproteins: their physiological functions and how they are synthesized; O- and N-glycosylation; receptors and lectins; glycobiology of plants, viruses and microbes; glycobiology and disease; glycans as bio-energy sources. [Note: BIOL 331 recommended. Offered: F]

LEC · Course ID 013531On ucalendarBIOL 486 today

BIOL 487 Computational Neuroscience

Introduction to quantitative principles in the analysis of neurophysiological systems. Biophysics of excitable membranes. Encoding of sensory information in neural spiking activity. Bayesian models in perception and motor control. Models of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. [Note for systems design engineering students: It is recommended that one of BIOL 273, 376, 377 or BME 284 or SYDE 384/584 be taken before or concurrently with SYDE 552. Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 014290On ucalendarBIOL 487 today

BIOL 488 Ecotoxicology from a Watershed Perspective

The course will explore the scientific principles behind predicting the risk of environmental contaminants on ecosystems at the watershed scale. Using an environmental risk assessment framework, case studies will be used with an emphasis on local watershed issues, to more fully understand the mechanisms and processes that control and modify impacts of natural gradients and human activities on the ecology of drainage basins. The course may include a local field trip. [Offered W, even years] Field trip fee: $30-50 to offset cost of transportation.

LEC · Course ID 012267On ucalendarBIOL 488 today

BIOL 488W Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation (WLU)

Taught at Wilfrid Laurier University. Refer to WLU calendar for details.

LEC · Course ID 014674On ucalendarBIOL 488W today

BIOL 489 Arctic Ecology

This course explores the unique ecology of Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems. Topics addressed will include postglacial history, climate, permafrost, nutrient cycling and food web structure of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, plant and animal adaptations to cold, human ecology, traditional ecological knowledge, climate change, resource extraction, and other human impacts. [Note: BIOL 350 recommended. Offered: W]

LEC · Course ID 014516On ucalendarBIOL 489 today

BIOL 490A Biology Field Course I

A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-$4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]

LEC · Course ID 003762On ucalendarBIOL 490A today

BIOL 490B Biology Field Course II

A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400-4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]

LEC · Course ID 003763On ucalendarBIOL 490B today

BIOL 490C Biology Field Course III

A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]

LEC · Course ID 003765On ucalendarBIOL 490C today

BIOL 490D Biology Field Course IV

A two-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario universities program in field biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field course fee: $400- $4500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]

LEC · Course ID 003766On ucalendarBIOL 490D today

BIOL 496W Special Topics in Advanced Biology (WLU)

LEC · Course ID 012772On ucalendarBIOL 496W today

BIOL 498A Short Biology Field Course 1

A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field trip fee: $400 - $2500. A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]

LEC · Course ID 003770On ucalendarBIOL 498A today

BIOL 498B Short Biology Field Course 2

A one-week field study of terrestrial, aquatic and/or marine biology offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). OUPFB offers a diverse array of courses annually that normally take place at off campus locations. Field courses consist of lectures, field exercises, and a small project chosen in consultation with the course instructor(s). Contact the Biology Department field course coordinator for additional information. [Note: Field trip fee: $400- $2500 A Biology Department field course information session is held in early January of each year]

LEC · Course ID 003771On ucalendarBIOL 498B today

BIOL 499A Senior Honours Project

A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]

PRJ · Course ID 003772On ucalendarBIOL 499A today

BIOL 499B Senior Honours Project

A senior-year research project. [Note: Normally, only students attaining either a 73% or better cumulative major average or a 78% or better major average in their two most recent terms (normally 3A and 3B) will be accepted into this course. May only be taken with the permission of the BIOL co-ordinator. Consult the BIOL 499 manual for details. A final grade for BIOL 499A will be submitted only after completion of 499B. Normally, BIOL 499A and 499B may not be taken concurrently without prior permission of the BIOL 499 co-ordinator]

PRJ · Course ID 003773On ucalendarBIOL 499B today