44 courses in the 1971–72 Undergraduate Calendar, read from the scanned original. The text comes from OCR, so check the scanned page before relying on a detail.
239
Department of Earth Sciences
R.N. Farvolden, M.Sc. (Alberta), Ph.D. (Illinois)
P.F. Karrow, B.Sc. (Queen's), Ph.D. (Illinois) B.C. Matthews, B.S.A. (Toronto), A.M. (Missouri), Ph.D. (Cornell) E.C. Appleyard, B.Sc. (Western), M.Sc. (Queen’s), Ph.D. (Cambridge) C.R. Bares, B.Sc. (Birmingham), Ph.D. (Ottawa) J.A. Cherry, BE. (Saskatchewan), M.S. (Cal., Berkeley), Ph.D. (Illinois P. Fritz, Dipl. Geol, Dr. Rer. Nat. (Technische Hochschule Stuttgart) E.0. Frind, B.4.Sc., M.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto) D.E. Lawson, B.Sc., M.Sc. (New Brunswick) R.G. Roberts, B.A. (Cambridge), M.Sc., Ph.D. (McGill) DLL. Salter, B.Sc, Ph.D. (Southampton) O.L. White, B.Sc. (Melbourne), M.A.Sc. (Toronto), Ph.D. (lilinois)
Undergraduate Course Descriptions
Details of the undergraduate programmes offered by the Faculty of Science are to be found on page 130
Earth Sciences 130, or the consent of the instructor, is prerequisite for all later courses in Earth Sciences with the exception of Earth Sciences
All those majoring in Earth Sciences are required to take a two-week field camp at the end of second or third year. Earth Sciences students are encouraged to seek geological employment in the summers.
This course is now offered as Science 100*. Consult the Science course listings for details.
An elementary introduction to rocks, minerals, and fossils, geological processes and their effects, structural geology, economic geology, and historical geology. Map study. Field trips. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
Introductory mineralogy and crystallography. Structures of minerals related to physical and morphological properties. Mineral chemistry. Systematic and determinative mineralogy; occurrence of rock-forming and common ore minerals. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, fall term.
The classification and identification of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. The study of rocks in thin sections. Laboratory study of petrographic methods and problems. 2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory, winter term.
An introduction to surveying instruments and methods, drawing, cartography, and photogrammetry. Includes a two-week field camp at the end of second or third year. 4 hours laboratory, fall term.
Department of Earth Sciences
The historical development of North America with a systematic review of the major geologic events of the Precambrian, and the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Laboratory study of stratigraphically important rocks and fossils; interpretation of geologic maps. 2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory, winter term.
- The origin and classification of landforms. Weathering and soil formation. Erosional and depositional processes. Laboratory study of topographic maps and air photo interpretation. Field trips. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, fall term.
Crystallography and stereographic projection. Principles of optical crystallography and the optical identification of minerals. Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 231*. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, winter term.
The principles and theories of igneous and metamorphic rock genesis. Silicate phase equilibria in magmatic and metamorphic systems. Magmatic differentiation; the distribution and occurrence of magma-types. Controls of metamorphic crystallization and the interpretation of metamorphic textures. The concept of metamorphic facies and facies series. Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 231* 241* 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
The principles of paleontology, including the species concept and evolution. The morphology, taxonomy, evolution, paleoecology, and stratigraphic value of fossil animals and plants, with special reference to the invertebrates. Field trip and laboratory study of fossils and fossil assemblages. 2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory.
The properties, classification, and formation of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures. Diagenesis. Sedimentary facies, environments and tectonics. Stratigraphic principles and practice. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
Primary and induced structures in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Diastrophic and non-diastrophic deformations; diapirs. The physical properties of rocks and the effect of stress on them. Theories of rock failure. The relationship between major and minor structures. Laboratory will deal with techniques of analysis of deformed rocks. 2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory.
Introductory topics on the physics of the earth. Seismology and the earth’s interior. Thermal history of the earth. Gravity and isostasy. Origin of the continents and continental drift. (Identical to Physics 368). Prerequisite: Mathematics 130 2 lectures, first term.
The geology of the ocean basins. Topics in physical oceanography. Physical properties of ocean water, heat budget of the world oceans. Oceanic circulations, Coriolis effects. Some idealized current regimes. (Identical to Physics 369*).
Department of Earth Sciences
Principles and processes governing the formation of metalliferous ore deposits, coal, petroleum and natural gas. The study of important examples primarily from Canada. Laboratory study will include instruction and practice in ore microscopy. Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 231*-24]* 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
A study of the origin and evolution of the Earth from a chemical standpoint. Fundamental chemical principles are reviewed and applied to the understanding of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Prerequisite: Earth Sciences 330. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
The geology, tectonics, stratigraphy and history of the Canadian © Precambrian Shield. The Precambrian time scale and problems of geochronology. Life, climate and physical conditions in Precambrian time. 2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory, winter tem.
A study of selected fossil groups to illustrate the application of paleontological data in solving stratigraphic problems. Methods of differentiation and correlation of rock units on the basis of their fossil assemblages. Field trips. 2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory, fall term.
Each student will work under the direction of a member of the Department on a short research project. The results of this will be presented in thesis form and will be critically examined by members of this and, where pertinent, other departments.
The origin and growth of the continents and ocean basins. The development of shields; geosynclinal evolution; orogeny and epeirogeny. Continental drift and sea-floor spreading; paleoclimatology and paleogeography. 2 lectures, 2 hours seminar alternate weeks.
The application of geology to civil engineering problems. Introductory soil and rock mechanics. Urban and environmental geology. 2 lectures, 1 hour problems, fall term.
Groundwater hydrology. The location, exploitation, and conservation of groundwater resources. 2 lectures, 1 hour problems, winter term.
Stratigraphy and history of the Quaternary Period with emphasis on glaciation. Laboratory studies on glacial deposits. Field trips. A previous course in geomorphology is recommended. 2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, fall term.
Analysis of Geomorphic processes, quantitative description of landscape; analysis and interpretation of geomorphic measurements; application of techniques in quantitative geomorphology to environmental problems. 3 lectures, fall term.
Introduction to mathematical geology and the theory of physical, analog, and digital models for the solution of problems. Short course in fortran
Department of Earth Sciences
Application of statistical methods in analysis of data from investigations: design of experiments in Earth Sciences; evaluation of quantitative data. 3 lectures, winter term.
Graduate and Research Programmes
The Department of Earth Sciences offers graduate work leading to the M.Sc. degree. The emphasis in graduate work in this department is in the area of Environmental Geology, including the special fields of hydrogeology, Quaternary geology, geochemistry, isotope geology, engineering and urban geology. The Department has a truck-mounted drill rig capable of hollow-stem augering and rotary drilling, and a driller, in order that raw data may be obtained for research in Environmental Geology. The geochemistry-isotope laboratory is designed particularly to support the Environmental Geology programme, but is available for other purposes. There are also active research programmes and graduate courses in lower Paleozoic biostratigraphy, Precambrian geology, and sulfide mineralization. Faculty in allied fields co-operate to enable students to do interdisciplinary studies in Civil Engineering (soil mechanics, engineering geology, sediment transport, waste disposal), Biology (palynology, invertebrate ecology, physical limnology), Chemistry (silicate geochemistry), Geography, (geomorphology) and Anthropology (paleo-Indian archeology). At present (1971-1972) the following are the fields in which research is in progress in the Department.
Groundwater chemistry; chemical facies in groundwater flow systems, tracers in groundwater pollution; geochemistry of sulfide mineralization.
Subsurface waste disposal and groundwater pollution; groundwater flow systems in Southern Ontario; aquifer hydraulics and analytical techniques; groundwater resources evaluation.
Application of stable isotope composition in research in hydrogeology, sulfide mineralization, and carbonate deposition.
Conodont biostratigraphy, especially the Ordovician of Eastern and Arctic Canada; the ultrastructure of conodonts; stratigraphy, carbonate petrology and paleoecology of the Ordovician of Ontario and Quebec.
Development and application of mathematical techniques, especially statistical and computer-based, to geological problems.
Clay Mineralogy; X-ray diffraction identification techniques applied to clay minerals; clay mineralogy of Paleozoic, Cretaceous and Quaternary sediments. Mineralisation of Paleozoic dolomites.
The occurrence of syn-orogenic alkaline rocks, especially those of eastern Ontario and a comparison with similar rocks of lower Paleozoic age in West Finnmark, Norway. The development of metasomatic nepheline gneisses from a variety of parental rocks as well as the differentiation and evolution of the igneous alkaline varieties. The tectonic setting and the syn-orogenic history of the alkaline rocks is being investigated involving a structural analysis of polyphase deformation of alkaline and
Quaternary Geology
Sedimentology
Mineral Deposits
Departrgent of Earth Sciences 243
Quaternary stratigraphy and paleontology; characteristics of glacial deposits, particularly of the last or Wisconsinan glaciation; bedrock topography, landslide geomorphology; applications of Quaternary geology to mineral resources, engineering and planning.
The influence of environmental changes on modern lacustrine and fluvial sediments in southern Ontario; the origin and signifiance of primary structures in clastic sediments. Sedimentology of the Torridonian (Precambrian) rocks of north-west Scotland.
Sulphide deposits associated with volcanic rocks. Hydrothermal alteration in the volcanic environment; the post-depositional history and metamorphism of sulphide deposits of volcanic origin.
Graduate Courses
All graduate courses are one term in length. Not all of the courses listed are given in any one year.
Analysis of the factors controlling the distribution of organisms and fossils. Important zone fossils of invertebrates, vertebrates and plants will be studied with reference to their vertical and lateral distribution. Problems of migration, dispersion, and provincialism will be considered in detail.
Selected topics in paleontology will be studied in depth with emphasis on micro-paleontology and paleoecology.
The origin of recent clastic and non-clastic sediments, the study of composition, structures, relationships, and environments towards an interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The origin and significance of sedimentary structures, environmental associations, sedimentological models, hydrodynamics.
The interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. Paleo-current and basin analysis, the geometry of sedimentary bodies, the meaning of facies, geochemical environment indicators. Pyroclastics and volcanic sediments.
The interpretation of the mineralogy, textures, structures, and geochemical characteristics of metamorphic rocks related to their natural occurrence. Problems of the recognition, origin and development of metasomatic rocks.
The mechanisms and styles of rock deformation and the application of experimental studies. Criteria for the interpretation of multiphase deformation including the principles, methods, and limitations of Statistical analysis of fabric elements.
The relationship of igneous and sedimentary processes to the concentration of metalliferous ore deposits. Emphasis will be placed on the theoretical aspects of the development of a sulphide phase during the crystallization of magma. The post-depositional history of ore deposits.
Lecture—seminar in selected topics in Geochemistry.
Department of Earth Sciences
Geological aspects of locating, working and utilizing industrial minerals and constructional materials. Problems of quantity, quality and value of such deposits will be evaluated and will be specifically related to those deposits in southern Ontario. Mineral economics and urban geology will be considered. Field trips will be an important part of the practical work of the course.
Structure, classification, properties, and nomenclature of clay minerals. Genesis and environmental significance of clay minerals. Identification of clay minerals by X-ray diffractometry and other techniques.
Groundwater flow systems and their response to stress; groundwater as an engineering hazard; case histories in groundwater development.
Selected topics in the study of the Quaternary, with emphasis on the direct and indirect effects of glaciation. The interdisciplinary aspects of the Quaternary.
Lecture—seminar course dealing with the natural distribution of the stable isotopes of H, C, O, N, and S. Special emphasis will be given to topics related to hydorgeology, sedimentology, and hydrothermal ore deposits.
Selected topics dealing with the stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleontology, petrology, structure, and economic geology of the Great Lakes area will be covered. Special reference will be devoted to the development of the Michigan Basin, the metallic and industrial mineral resources of the region, the glacial history, formation of the Great Lakes and recent sedimentation, and regional groundwater problems.
Principles of porous media flow, particularly as applied to groundwater problems; numerical and analog solutions; aquifer hydraulics.
Physical and geochemical response of watersheds under natural and man-induced conditions. Emphasis on interactions between surface water, soil water, and groundwater systems as determined by field, laboratory, and theoretical studies.
Seminars will be held to cover major topics excluded from other available courses. Graduate students will be required to present for discussion short colloquia based on their reading of assigned topics. Participation in the discussions, as well as the actual presentation of papers, will be an integral part of the course.
Course credit may be given for specialization related to the research interest of a student and a member of the faculty, by special arrangement. Topics such as aquifer hydraulics, isotope geology, computer applications, and groundwater chemistry are among those available.
Professor Chairman of the Department Professor Professor Visiting Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor Associate Professor J
Associate Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor and Deputy Chairman Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Lecturer (part time) Lecturer (part time)
Associated Faculty Professor
Associate Professor