Notes
Faculty listed in 1970–71
Department of Mechanical Engineering T.A. Brzustowski, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), A.M., Ph.D. (Princeton)
S.A. Alpay, Dipl. Ing., Dr. Ing. (Berlin) D.J. Burns, B.S., Ph.D. (Bristol)
G.T. Csanady, Dipl. Ing. (Munich), Ph.D. (New South Wales)
Faculty listed in 1970–71
HLL. Evans, B.Sc., M.Sc. (Wales), D.LC., Ph.D, (London)
M.J. Hillier, B.Sc. (Eng.), B.Sc. (Gen.) (London), D.I.C., M.S. (Eng.) (London) (on leave of absence)
ELL. Holmes, B.Sc. (Bristol), M.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto)
G.F. Pearce, B.A.Sc. (British Columbia), M.A.Sc. (Toronto) N.H. Polakowski, Dip/. Ing. (Lwow), Ph.D., D.Sc. (Wales)
E. Brundrett, B.S.A. (O.A.C.), B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto) M.B.Danard, B.A.Sc. (British Columbia), M.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Chicago)
D.C. Ferguson, B.A.Sc. (Toronto)
D. French, B.Sc., C.Eng.
Faculty listed in 1970–71
A.M. Hale, B.Sc., M.A. (New Brunswick), B.A.Sc. (Toronto), M.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Waterloo)
C.E. Hermance, B.E. (Yale), M.A., M.S.E., Ph.D. (Princeton) J.H.G. Howard, B.Sc. (Queen’s), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Birmingham)
M.H. Lewis, B.Sc. (Cardiff), D.Phil. (Oxford)
W.M. Mansour, B.Sc. (Cairo), M.A.Se., Ph.D. (Toronto)
H.R. Martin, B.Sc., M.Sc. (Queen’s, Belfast), Ph.D. (Nottingham) W.B. Nicoll, 5.M. (M.LT.), Engineer (Stanford), Ph.D. (London)
P. Niessen, B.Sc. (McMaster), M.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto)
K.R. Piekarski, Dip!. Ing. (London), Ph.D. (Cambridge)
Faculty listed in 1970–71
A. Plumtree, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Nottingham)
RF. Scrutton, B.Sc., M.Sc. (Melbourne)
R. Skarecky, Ing. (Prague), C.Sc. (Brno)
Faculty listed in 1970–71
D.M.R. Taplin, B.Sc. (Aston), D.Phil. (Oxford)
M.M. Yovanovich, B.Sc. (Queen’s), M.S. (Buf.), M.E., Sc.D. (M.I.T.) G.M. Bragg, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Cambridge)
R.N. Dubey, B.Sc. (Hons.) (Patna), B.Sc. (Eng.) (Bihar).
Ph.D. (Waterloo)
Faculty listed in 1970–71
K.G.T. Hollands, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), Ph.D. (McGill)
H.W. Kerr, B.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto)
T.A. Ledwell, B.Eng., M.Eng. (Nova Scotia), Ph.D. (Waterloo) W.K. Luk, D.C. (London), (Dipl. of Hong Kong Tech. College), Ph.D. (Waterloo)
G.D, Raithby, B.E.Sc., M.E.Sc. (Western), Ph.D, (Minnesota)
Faculty listed in 1970–71
P.R. Slawson, B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., Ph.D. (Waterloo)
A.B. Strong, B.A.Sc. (Waterloo), M.Sc. (Imperial College, London), Ph.D. (Waterloo)
HF. Sullivan, B.A.Sc. (Waterloo), A.M., Ph.D. (Princeton)
T.M.L. Wigley, B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons. Math. & Phys.), Ph.D. (Adelaide) K.G. Adams,B.Sc. (Queen's), M.A.Sc. (Waterloo)
G.C. Andrews, B.A.Sc. (M.A.Sc. (British Columbia)
J.D. Malcolm, B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc. (Waterloo)
RJ. Pick, B.A.Sc. (British Columbia), M.S. (Imperial
College, London)
Special Lecturer Special Lecturer Special Lecturer Adjunct Professor Adjunct Professor Laboratory Director
1 Advanced Calculus
3 Ordinary Differential Equations
5 Applied Mathematics for Engineers
10 Systems Dynamics
Department of Mechanical Engineering 339
Faculty listed in 1970–71
C.J. Beingessner, B.Sc., M.A.Sc., Ph.D.(Toronto) R.G.R. Lawrence, Q.C.
U.H. Mohaupt, B.A.Sc. (Waterloo)
D.G. McFadden,M.D. (orthopaedic surgeon) D.R. McTavish, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C), F.R.S.C. (C) J.R. Cook, B.Sc. (Mt. Allison)
Undergraduate Programmes
Details of the undergraduate programme in Mechanical Engineering are to be found on page 72. All courses extended over one term only, and consist of 3 hours of lectures per week unless otherwise specified. The hours of the core courses are listed on page 73.
The only prerequisites are the core courses, unless otherwise specified.
Undergraduate Course Descriptions
Non-Cartesian co-ordinate systems. Partial differentiation: total derivatives; estimation of erors; chain rule geometrical applications; maxima and minima; Taylor’s series; Jacobians.
Multiple integrals: areas, centroids, moments of inertia, surface areas, centres of gravity. Vector anaylsis; functions obtained from the vector differential operator ;integral theorems. Series: absolute, conditional and uniform convergence; alternating and power series.
A course on ordinary differential equations giving various methods of solution with emphasis on applications to engineering problems. Exact equations; integrating factor; separation of variables. Linear equations with constant coefficients. Simultaneous equations. Laplace transforms. Solution by series.
Introduction to partial differential equations.
Any two of the following four half-term sections.
a) Numerical Methods for Engineers: treatment of various types of differential and algebraic mathematical models arising
in engineering.
b) Partial differential eqquations: applications of parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic equations in heat conduction, fluid mechanics, gas dynamics and other fields.
c) Complex variables: contour integration; conformal mapping; evaluation of real integrals.
d) Statistical methods: frequency distributions; standard deviation; probability; sampling; estimation of testing of significance; curve fiting; corelations.
Dynamic modelling of physical systems involving the storage and transfer of matter and energy. Formulation of governing differential equations of fluid, mechanical and electrical systems by a unified direct analysis and by analog or digital computer methods, System excitation, system functions and pole-zero configurations and their interpretation. Dynamic response of linear systems. Lumped models of distributed systems. Frequency response. Interdisciplinary examples.
12 Dynamics
15 Structure and
Properties of Materials 1
20 Mechanics of Deformable Solids
21 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines
22 Mechanical Design
30 Structure and Properties of Materials 2
32 Physical Metallurgy 2
33 Experimental Materials
Science
41 Manufacturing Science 1
42 Manufacturing Science 3
43 Manufacturing Science 4
Department of Mechanical Engineering
An introduction to the kinematics of particle and rigid body motion. Impulse-momentum equations. Work-energy methods and Euler’s equations. Simple gyroscopes. Vibrations.
3 lectures, I hour tutorial.
Interatomic bonding, crystal and amorphous structures, structural defects, phase equilibria, diffusion, non-equilibrium transformations, corrosion.
A general treatment of the behaviour of structural components from the study of stress and strain in solids. Topics include superposition, energy theorems, theories of failure, elastic and inelastic analysis of unsymmetrical bending, shear centre, torsion of circular members, columns and stability, and virtual work.
Principles of the geometry of motion. Uniform and non-uniform motion, linkages, gears, cams. Synthesis and analysis of mechanisms. Consideration of the dynamic forces in machines. Gyroscopic torque. Vibration analysis, response to shock, motion and force transmissibility, vibration isolation.
Analysis and synthesis of machine elements. Factors affecting working stresses, fatigue, creep and impact considerations. Design of shafting, springs, screws, clutches, brakes and gear. Principles of lubrication.
Elasticity, anelasticity plasticity, fracture, creep, fatigue, strengthening mechanisms, electrical, magnetic and optical properties.
Elasticity and plasticity of metals. Recovery, recrystallization and growth. Hardening mechanisms. Heat treatment of metals and alloys. Shear transformations. Failure in metals.
This course is designed to acquaint students with experimental techniques in Materials Science. For the initial part, the students will be required to perform assigned experiments which demonstrate common physical phenomena. For the remainder of the course, each student will work on a small experimental project.
Models of a plastically deformed metal; yield and flow. Analysis and mechanics of mechanical working operations. Patterns of flow, limiting factors; force, instability and temperature. Influence of processes on work-piece properties. Applications to forging, drawing, extrusion, rolling, sheet-drawing and deep drawing. Modern developments: high velocity forming; chemical, electromagnetic and spark discharge methods.
Mechanics of metal cutting operations. Geometrical force and energy analysis of single and multipoint tools, rotary cutters and grinding. Modern developments: electrochemical, spark discharge and ultrasonic methods. Machining economics.
Moulding from the liquid state. Review of applicable heat transfer and fluid flow theory. Influence of time in casting. Solidification time, freezing waves and riser design. Pouring time, fluidity, gating and running. Hot tears, distortion, shrinkage and residual stresses.
45 Manufacturing Science 6
46 Manufacturing Science 7
49 Metrology
50 Thermodynamics
51 Fluid Mechanics 1
53 Heat Transfer 1
54 Thermodynamics 2
56 Heat Transfer 2
58 Internal Combustion Engines
Department of Mechanical Engineering 341
Die casting; thermal balance, thermal stability, pressure pulse effects. Other casting methods.
Manufacturing for design enginers. Classification of processes. Influence of choice of materials on processes and of choice of processes on design. Process limitations; tolerances; influence
of scale of manufacture. Economic considerations.
Interactions of design and manufacturing functions. Information flow, data specification.
Introduction to polymer processing for mechanical engineers. Elements of poylmer science; plastics as a design material. Screw extrusion; elements of non-Newtonian flow and viscometry. Injection moulding. Parameters of polymer conversion operations and their estimation.
Theory and practice of high precision mechanic measurements under strict control conditions—super micrometry; measurements by comparators; profilometry; surface profilography; environmental effects on measurements accuracy; theodolite techniques in the measurements of large structures; collimator applications in machine installation. Tolerances and quality control.
The scope and limitations of thermodynamics. Macroscopic approach to energy work and the First Law. The fundamental energy equation. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, principle of increase of entropy, limiting cycle efficiences, criteria for equilibrium. Introduction to statistical thermodynamics and the microscopic description of energy, work and the First Law. Thermodynamic potentials.
Physical properties of fluids and fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics. Hydrostatics. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. Flow similarity and dimensional analysis as applied
to engineering problems in fluid mechanics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Engineering applications such as flow measurement ,flow in pipes and fluid forces on moving bodies.
3 hours lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation and solution of steady and transient heat conduction. Radiant heat transfer including exchange laws and view factors. Introductory convective heat transfer.
Emphasis on aplications of thermodynamics to flow processes, real fluids, evaluation of state functions of real fluids. Thermodynamic analysis of selected devices.
Forced and free laminar and turbulent convection heat transfer in internal and external flows. Special topics selected from current applications.
Reciprocating SI and CI engines, gas turbines, jets, rockets. Prerequisite: M.E. 54.
342 § 59 Energy Conversion 60 Control] Theory 62 Fluid Mechanics 2 64 Industrial Aerodynamics 69 Introduction to the Environmental Sciences 82 Mechanical Engineering Projects 90 Enginering Physics
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Steam power plants (conventional and nuclear), batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, thermionic conversion, thermoelectric conversion, MHD generators. Prerequisite: M.E. 54.
Block diagram algebra and signal flow techniques for open and closed loop systems. Transient and steady state response. Methods including log-decibel and Nyquist diagrams, stability criteria. Root locus methods. Introduction to non-linear systems. Application to fluid power and mechanical control systems.
Ideal fluids, Euler’s equations, integration along a streamline, continuity, stream function. Irrotational motion, source and sink potential, rectilinear vortex. Circulation, lift, Kutta-Joukowski theorem. Vortex motion, Helmholtz theorems, Biot-Savart law. Boundary layers in laminar flow, displacement and momentum thickness, momentum integral, boundary layer development. Introduction to turbomachinery, dimensional analysis and momentum principles.
Flow in ducts, furnaces, heat exchangers, reactors, etc. Air movements in and around buildings, wind loads. Cyclones and electrostatic dust precipitators, chimneys and chimney plumes. Atmospheric dispersion of pollutants.
Composition and structure of the atmosphere and oceans. Thermodynamics of moist air. Hydrostatic equation. Stability. Cloud physics. Winds and Currents on a Rotating Earth. Gradient, geostrophic and inertial flow. Solar and terrestrial radiation. Heat budget and general circulation of the Earth. Electrical and optical phenomena .
Engineering assignments requiring the student to demonstrate initiative and assume responsibility. Student activity is guided and co-ordinated by faculty supervisor. In selecting projects, particular account is taken of the student’s field of specialization. Projects, in general, involve technical disciplines beyond the strictly mechanical enginering field. 9 hours laboratory.
Physical optics; waves as energy carriers, interference and diffraction. Quantum theory of radiation; photons, empirical spectroscopy, de Broglie waves, atomic structure, energy quantization, absorption and radiation by atoms and molecules. Nuclear physics; nuclear structure, binding energy, nuclear reactions. Solid state physics; statistical distribution laws, molecular binding, band theory.
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ME 576 Applied Fluid Power Engineering A. Master’s Degree B. The Doctor of Philosophy Degree
Different approaches for the application of fluid power contro] systems in diverse types of industries: machine tool, aeronautical, paper, marine industries; press, road construction, agricultural machinery, conventional and nuclear power plants, assembly lines, etc.
Graduate and Research Programmes
To be admited to graduate studies in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, an applicant must have an excellent academic record from a recognized university, and must possess maturity and selfmotivation. Furthermore, since close technical contact with a faculty member is an essential part of graduate education in engineering, no applicant can be admitted unless a faculty supervisor who specializes in the applicant’s desired area of research offers him a place in his research group. It is therefore important that the applicant indicate clearly in his application the area of research in which he wishes to be engaged. Active fields of research in which students may at present be accepted are listed and described in the calendar, and the departmental brochure. It must be kept in mind, however, that the list is only intended as a guide since new topics are added frequently as the sphere of interest of the department expands.
The core of the Master’s degree is a thesis whose content shall indicate a high level of scholarly research by the student into a topic related to his faculty supervisor’s area of research. Pursuit of the thesis wil involve the student in an experimental or theoretical research programme or possibly a combination of both. Wherever possible the faculty member will attempt to arrange financial assistance for the student from his research grants, with such awards being made by the beginning of April. It is therefore essential that applications be completed by March | at the latest. Candidates registered for an M.A.Sc. degree will be requested to give advance notice of their intention to submit a thesis, approximately three months before the estimated date of submission. At this time an assessor will be appointed to aid the candidate’s supervisor in evaluating the thesis. In most cases the assessor would be a member of the mechanical engineering department, except where some interdisciplinary research is involved.. The requirements for the award of a Master’s degree are: a) that the candidate obtains a pass in all prescribed subjects, comprising at least four one-semester courses of which two or more must be graduate courses, with an average of 66% or better; b) that his thesis be accepted. In certain special cases the thesis requirement may be satisfied by four aditional one-semester courses and a research project of limited scope, requiring a formal report.
This degree is awarded after the candidate has satisfied his examining committee that his thesis is a substantial original contribution tence in areas of Knowledge related to his specialization. The candidate will, to this latter end, take lectures and sit for examinations in a number of courses offered at the graduate level, according to a programe of studies approved by his supervising committee. Approximately at the end of his first year of residence as a Ph.D. candidate a comprehensive oral examination is admin-
Comprehensive Examination
Language Requirements
Examination of the Thesis
Department of Mechanical Engineering 347
istered by his supervising committee.
The mechanics of thesis topics selection is very much as described above. Students contiuing for a Ph.D., after obtaining the M.A.Sc. at Waterloo, may often continue to work in the same area of specialization.
In order to be admited to graduate study as a Ph.D, candidate an applicant must have demonstrated his ability to do original research in the course of his Master’s degree work. For this reason, should a graduate with a Master’s degree obtained without producing a research thesis desire to enter our Ph.D. programme, he would have to satisfy the Department that he is able to carry out independent research.
The examining committee consists of the supervisor and four other members appointed on the advice of the supervisor. One of these is appointed from outside the unievrsity, another one from outside the department (often from Mathematics or Physics).
The comprehensive examination should be conducted about one year, but in any case not later than 18 months, after the student has been admitted to the Ph.D. programme. In preparation for this examination the candidate will submit a written research proposal of between 2000 and 4000 words describing his problem and outlining his proposed method of attack. This proposal must be circulated to the members of the supervising committee not less than two weeks before the examination. The supervising committee, on the advice of the candidate’s supervisor, should examine: (a) The adequacy of the course of study being undertaken, (b) The performance of the student during his first year both in the coursework and in his research studies, (c) The proposal for a research programme as presented by the student and (d) His competence in being able to complete the work to the satisfaction of the committee. The main decision to be reached is whether the candidate should proceed with the work, but advice about taking additional graduate courses or about changing the emphasis in his research work may also be given.
The candidate must have an adequate knowledge of at least one foreign language as specified by the department. This requirement may be fulfilled either by direct language examination or by the completion of an approved language course with a final grade considered to be satisfactory. When the native tongue of the student is not English, its knowledge is not normally acceptable as satisfying the foreign language requirements, except when the
the native tongue is French, German or Russian.
Regulations governing the submission and examination of the Ph.D. thesis are found in the section on “Graduate Studies” in the first part of the Calendar.
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