Mechanical Engineering (ME)

Notes

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Undergraduate Programmes

Details of the undergraduate programme in Mechanical Engineering are to be found on page 67. All courses extend over one term only, and consist of 3 hours of lectures per week unless otherwise specified. The hours of the core courses are listed on page 68.

The only prerequisites are the core courses. unless otherwise specified.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions

13 Kinematics A basic course in kinematics emphasizing the creative approach. Uni-

form rotary motion including rolling cylinders, gears and the synthesis of gear trains including planetaries. Non-uniform motion including cams, gears and linkages. Programming non-uniform motion and the synthesis of cam mechanisms, non-circular gear trains and linkages.

21 Mechanics of Machinery The effects of dynamic forces in machines; introduction to mechanical

22 Mechanical Design 1

vibration. Transient forces. Static force analysis, dynamic force analysis, balancing, cam dynamics, dynamics of feedback systems. Prerequisite: ME 13.

2 lectures. 3 hours laboratory.

Analysis and synthesis of machine elements. Factors affecting working stresses, fatigue, creep and impact considerations. Design of shafting, springs, screws, clutches, brakes and gears.

Prerequisite ME 21.

2 lectures. 2 hours laboratory.

23 Mechanical Design 2 Principles of optimum design of machine elements; minimum cost, min-

imum weight, maximum power, etc. Statistical considerations in factors of safety and tolerances. Effect of manufactring errors on product performance.

Prerequisite: ME 22.

24 Advanced Dynamics A second course in engineering dynamics. Topics: rocket and space

25 Mechanical Vibrations in Machines

26 Mechanical Design 3— Human Factors Engineering

27 Mechanics of D eformable Solids 3

31 Physical Metallurgy 1

dynamics, inertia fensor and Euler’s Equations, energy methods, gyroscopic motion, generalized co-ordinates and Lagrange Equations, vibrations.

Fundamentals of mechanical vibration. Forced, transient and non-linear vibrations. Numerical methods for multi-degree-of-freedom systems. Continuous systems. Vibration isolation. Measurements of vibration. Use of models and the analogue computer.

The problems of incorporating human beings into engineering systems. The topics discussed are: the human visual, auditory and musculoskeletal system, multiple sensory inputs, man-machine dynamics, environmental factors, human stress, group dynamics, and work-place design; the evaluation and testing of man-machine systems.

Analysis of stress and strain in three dimensions, plastic stress-strain relations, stress and strain concentration, residual stress, thermal stress and creep, creep and fatigue under combined stress, fatigue crack propagation, brittle fracture, fracture mechanics.

Nucleation and erowth in metals. Diffusion and sinterinoe Fundamental

32 Physical Metallurgy 2

33 Materials Science Laboratories

ME 34-Properties of Polymers

37 Ceramics

41 Manufacturing Science 1

42 Manufacturing Science 3

43 Manufacturing Science 4

44 Manufacturing Science 5

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and ternary eutectic phases. Non-equilibria in metal systems. Surface phenomena. Corrosion and oxidation in metals. 2 lectures.

Elasticity and plasticity of metals. Recovery, recrystallization and grain growth. Hardening mechanisms. Heat treatment of metals and alloys. Shear transformations. Failure in metals.

2 lectures.

This course is designed to acquaint students with the experimental methods techniques in Materials Science. For the initial part, the students will be required to perform assigned experiments which demonstrate common physical phenomena in Materials Science. For the remainder of the course, each student will be allowed to work on a small experimental project of his own choice which has been approved by the instructor.

3 hours laboratory.

Introductory survey of the organic chemistry of polymers. Morphology of amorphous and crystalline polymers. Rheological and structural models of the behaviour of polymers under load. The effects of environmental variables on the mechanical properties of polymers. Reinforced polymers. Adhesives. Electrical and optical properties of polymers.

The crystallography of ionic and co-valent compounds. A study of the mechanical properties of single crystals and polycrystals. Properties of special ceramic materials.

Models of a plastically deforming metal; yield and flow. Analysis and mechanics of mechanical working operations. Patterns of flow, limiting factors; force, instability and temperature. Influence of processes on work-piece properties. Applications to forging, drawing, extrusion, rolling, sheet-drawing and deep drawing. Modern developments: high velocity forming; chemical, electro-magnetic and spark discharge methods.

Mechanics of metal cutting operations. Geometrical force and energy analysis of single and multipoint tools, rotary cutters and grinding. Modern developments: electrochemical, spark discharge and ultrasonic methods. Machining economics.

Moulding from the liquid state. Review of applicable heat transfer and fluid flow theory. Influence of time in casting. Solidification time, freezing waves and riser design. Pouring time, fluidity, gating and running. Hot tears, distortion, shrinkage and residual stresses. Die casting; thermal balance, thermal stability, pressure pulse effects. Other casting methods.

Welding. Temperature distributions. Phase changes and _ solidification. Segregation, heterogeneity and weldability. Thermal and residual stresses. Residual plastic distortions and their occurrence in welded structures. Physics of the welding arc. Welding codes and industrial practice. Design of welded structures. Resistance welding. Fracture mechanics and failure of welds. Weld testing and non-destructive testing procedures.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

45 Manufacturing Seience 6 Manufacturing for design engineers. Classification of processes. Influ-

ME 46-Manuafacturing Science 7

49 Metrology

53 Heat Transfer 1

54 Thermodynamics 2

55 Thermodynamics

ence of choice of materials on processes and of choice of processes on design. Process limitations; tolerances; influence of scale of manufacture. Economic considerations.

Interactions of design and manufacturing functions. Information flow, data specification.

Introduction to polymer processing for mechanical engineers. Elements of polymer science; plastics as a design material. Screw extrusion; ele-

ments of non-newtonian flow and viscometry. Injection moulding. Parameters of polymer conversion operations and their estimation.

Theory and practice of high precision mechanic measurements under strict control conditions-super micrometry; measurements by comparators; profilometry; surfacegrofilography; environmental effects on measurements accuracy; theodolite techniques in the measurements of large structures; collimator applications in machine installation. Tolerances and quality control.

Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation and_ solution of steady and transient heat conduction. Radiant heat transfer including exchange laws and view factors. Introductory convective heat transfer.

Emphasis on applications of thermodynamics to flow processes, real fluids, evaluation of state functions of real fluids. Thermodynamic analysis of selected devices.

3 Chemical equilibrium, multiconstituent fluid phases, additional topics in statistical thermodynamics, introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes.

Prerequisite: ME 54

56 Heat Transfer 2 Forced and free laminar and turbulent convection heat transfer in inter-

57 Combustion 1

nal and external flows. Special topics selected from current applications.

Phenomenological description of flames of various types, flashback, blow off, inflammability limits, premixed flames, diffusion flames, burner design, flame holding, laminar flame theory, quasi-steady droplet burning theory.

58 Internal Combustion Engines Reciprocating SI and Cl engines, gas turbines, jets, rockets.

Prerequisite: ME 54

59 Energy Conversion Steam power plants (conventional and nuclear), batteries, fuel cells, so-

lar cells, thermionic conversion, thermoelectric conversion, MHD _ generators. Prerequisite: ME 54

ME 60-System Dynamics Dynamic modelling by lumped elements of physical systems involving an4 Controls the storage and transfer of matter and energy. Unified treatment of

mechanical, electrical, fluid and thermal systems and components. Generalized describing equations and solutions for lumped ideal elements. Operational notations, control and feedback systems. System response, characteristic and transfer functions. Introduction to stability in control systems and to fluidic systems.

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ME 61-Fluid Control Systems 1 Analysis of fluid properties and fluid flow as they apply to the design and application of components comprising the fluid system. Proportional, integral, derivative and hybrid type fluid control systems. Theory of energy transducers in fluid control systems. Performance characteristics of various types of pumps and fluid motor units. Diagramatic representation of their control functions.

62 Fluid Mechanics 2 Ideal fluids, Euler’s equations, integration along a streamline, continuity, stream function. Irrotational motion, source and sink potential, rectilinear vortex. Circulation, lift, Kutta-Joukowski theorem. Vortex motion, Helmholtz theorems, Biot-Savart law. Boundary layers in laminar flow, displacement and momentum thickness, momentum integral. boundary layer development. Introduction to turbomachinery, dimensional analysis and momentum principles.

63 Turbomachines Performance characteristics, laws of modelling, classification and selection of turbomachines. Cavitation, suction specific speed. Compressible fluids, small stage efficiency, Laval nozzles. Energy transfer in pumps, compressors, and turbines. Cascade mechanics, blade design by thin airfoil theory. Three dimensional effects, energy losses.

64 Industrial Aerodynamics Flow in ducts, furnaces, heat exchangers, reactors, etc. Air movements in and around buildings, wind loads. Cyclones and electrostatic dust precipitators, chimneys and chimney plumes. Atmospheric dispersion of pollutants.

65 Gas Dynamics 1 Basic laws and concepts governing compressible fluid flow. Conservation laws. Lawg of thermodynamics. Mach number. One-dimensional isentropic flow. Subsonic and supersonic flows. Flow through nozzles. Choking. Convergent-divergent nozzles. Normal shocks. Measurements of pressure, temperature, mass flow. Supersonic pitot tube. Oblique plane shocks and expansion waves. Duct flows.

66 Turbulent Flow 1 Reynolds stresses, intensity and scale of turbulence. The “law of the wall,” logarithmic velocity profile and velocity defect laws, effects of roughness. Pressure loss in pipes and conduits. Jets and wakes. Atmospheric turbulence, effect of density stratification.

67 ‘Aerodynamics of Flight Airfoils in three dimensions, lifting surfaces. Aerodynamic interference of aircraft components. Stability and control of aeroplanes, missiles, etc. in flight at low and high speeds. Response of aircraft to turbulence.

68 Acoustics Plane waves in air, sound intensity. Waves in three dimensions, monopole and multipole sources. Interference patterns, diffraction, acoustic impedance. Propagation of sound in the atmosphere and in the ocean. Reflection and absorption of sound waves. Physiological and architectural acoustics. Acoustical measuring instruments.

ME 69-Introduction to the Composition and structure of the atmosphere and oceans. Thermody- Environmental Sciences namics of moist air. Hydrostatic equation. Stability. Cloud physics. Winds and Currents on a Rotating Earth. Gradient, geostrophic and inertial flow. Solar and terrestrial radiation. Heat budget and general circulation of the Earth. Electrical and optical phenomena.

ME 70-Geophysical Fluid Equations of motion on a rotating earth, geostrophic balance. Vertical Dvnamics 1 vanation of wind and pressure fields in the atmosphere barotrooic and

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baroclinic ocean currents, mechanisms of pressure change. Vorticity equation.

81 Seminar Designed to give the student personal experience in oral presentation of technical information. Also provides an opportunity for students to attend seminars on topics of interest presented by recognized workers in the field.

I hour.

82 Mechanical Engineering Engineering assignments requiring the student to demonstrate initiative

Projects and assume responsibility. Student activity is guided and co-ordinated by faculty supervisor. In selecting projects, particular account is taken

of the student’s field of specialization. Projects, in general, involve technical disciplines beyond the strictly mechanical engineering field. 9 hours laboratory.

ME 90-Engineering Physics Physical optics; waves as energy carriers, interference and diffraction. Quantum theory of radiation; photons, empirical spectroscopy, de Broglie waves, atomic structure, energy quantization, absorption and radiation by atoms and molecules. Nuclear physics; nuclear structure, binding energy, nuclear reactions. Solid state physics; statistical distribution laws, molecular binding, band theory.

ME 100-Introductory The rights and responsibilities of the engineer as a citizen of Ontario Survey of Law and Canada under the law: brief histroy of Canadian law diierentiating between Civil and Criminal Law, the rights and duties of citizens and police, a review of Domestic Law, Real Estate Law, Landlord and Tenant Law. The law as it may pertain to the engineer in his profession, brief reviews of the Law of Contracts, Patents, Trade marks, industrial design, and copy-right, Bills of Exchange, Company Law, incorporation of companies, Common and Preferred shares, the Law of Master and Servant, surveying law, Constitutional Law, Private International Law, and other topics.

Graduate and Research Programmes

To be admitted to graduate studies in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, an applicant must have an excellent academic record from a recognized university, and must possess maturity and self-motivation. Furthermore, since close technical contact with a faculty member is an essential part of graduate education in engineering, no applicant can be admitted unless a faculty supervisor who specializes in the applicant’s desired area of research offers his a place in his research group. It is therefore important that the applicant indicate clearly in his application the area of research in which he wishes to be engaged. Active fields of research in which students may at present be accepted are listed and described in the calendar, and the departmental brochure. It must be kept in mind, however, that the list is only intended as a guide since new topics are added frequently as the sphere of interest of the department expands.

A. Master's Degree The core of the Master’s degree is a thesis whose content shall indicate a high level of scholarly research by the student into a topic related to his faculty supervisor’s area of research. Pursuit of the thesis will involve the student in an experimental or theoretical research programme or possibly a combination of both. Wherever possible the faculty member will attempt to arrange financial assistance for the student from his re-

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It is therefore essential that applications be complete by March ] at the latest.

Candidates registered for an M.A.Sc. degree will be requested to give advance notice of their intention to submit a thesis, approximately three months before the estimated date of submission. At this time an assessor will be appointed to aid the candidate’s supervisor in evaluating the thesis. In most cases the assessor would be a member of the mechanical engineering department, except where some interdisciplinary research is involved.

The requirements for the award of a Master’s degree are: a) that the candidate obtains a pass in all prescribed subjects, comprising at least four one-semester courses of which two or more must be graduate courses, with an average of 66% or better: b) that his thesis be accepted. In certain special cases the thesis requirement may be satisfied by four additional one-semester courses and a reasearch project of limited scope, requiring a formal report.

B.The Doctor of Philosophy This degree is awarded after the candidate has satisfied his supervising Degree committee that his thesis is a substantial original contribution to knowl-

edge and has also demonstrated a high degree of competence in areas of knowledge related to his specialization. The candidate will, to this latter end, take lectures and sit for examinations in a number of courses offered at the graduate level, according to a programme of studies approved by his supervising committee. Approximately at the end of his first year of residence as a Ph. D. candidate a comprehensive oral examination is administered by his supervising committee.

The supervising committee consists of the supervisor and four other members appointed on the advice of the supervisor. One of these is appointed from outside the university, another one from outside the department (often from Mathematics or Physics.)

Comprehensive Examination The comprehensive examination should be conducted about one year, but in any case not later than 18 months, after the student has been admitted to the Ph.D. programme. In preparation for this examination the candidate will submit a written research proposal of between 2000 and 4000 words describing his problem and outlining his proposed method of attack. This proposal must be circulated to the members of the supervising committee not less than two weeks before the examination. The supervising committee, on the advice of the candidate’s supervisor, should examine: (a) The adequacy of the course of study being undertaken, (b) The performance of the student during his first year both in the coursework and in his research studies, (c) The proposal for a research programme as presented by the student and (d) His competence in being able to complete the work to the satisfaction of the committee. The main decision to be reached is whether the candidate

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280 § Language Requirements Examination of the thesis

Department of Mechanical Engineering

The candidate must have an adequate knowledge of at least one foreign language as specified by the department. This requirement may be fulfilled either by direct language examination or by the completion of an approved language course with a final grade considered to be satisfactory. When the native tongue of a student is not English, its knowledge is nor normally acceptable as satisfying the foreign language requirements, except when the native tongue is French, German or Russian.

Regulations governing the submission and examination of the Ph.D. thesis are found in the section on “Graduate Studies” in the first part of the Calendar.

Graduate Course Descriptions

All courses listed consist of three lectures per week for one term, unless otherwise specified. Courses numbered in the 600’s are given regularly. Courses numbered in the 700’s are given only by special arrangement.

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