55 courses in the 1967–68 Undergraduate Calendar, read from the scanned original. The text comes from OCR, so check the scanned page before relying on a detail.
gating and running. Hot tears, distortion, shrinkage and residual stresses. Die casting: thermal balance, thermal stability, pressure pulse effects. Other casting methods.
Prerequisite: ME 53, GE 32.
Welding. Phase relations, equilibrium diagrams, solubility, fluidity, wetting, solidification in single and ultiphase materials, segregation and heterogeneity, weldability, adhesion, oxidation, corrosion. Thermal and residual stresses. Applications in welding, brazing, diffusion bonding. Modern developments.
Manufacturing for design engineers. Classification of processes. Influence of choice of materials on processes and of choice of processes on design. Process limitations; tolerances; influence of scale of manufacture. Economic considerations.
Interactions of design and manufacturing functions. Information flow, data specification.
Theory and practice of high precision mechanical measurements under strict control conditions — super micrometry; measurements by comparators; profilometry; surface profilography; environmental effects on measurements accuracy; theodolite techniques in the measurements of large structures; collimator applications in machine installation; photography as a mensuration tool for moving (dynamics) conditions, stroboscopic measurements for frequency drift in rotating machinery.
Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation of heat transfer problems. Temperature distributions in solids under steady and transient heat conduction. Laminar forced convection, the use of boundary layer theory and the integral method for evaluating the heat transfer coefficient. Laminar and turbulent free convection, empirical correlations and introductory analysis. Reynolds and Colburn analogies.
3 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, alternative weeks.
54, Thermodynamics II. Review of the basic concepts and postulates of thermodynamics and the conditions for equilibrium. Reactive systems. An introduction to irreversible thermodynamics. Applications to selected engineering systems including direct conversion devices, gas turbines, other heat engines. Prerequisite: GE 31.
2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory.
Kinetic theory of an ideal gas, velocity distribution function, simple theory of transport properties. Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, energy levels from classical and quantum mechanics. The partition function, evaluation of thermodynamic properties from partition functions with examples for gases, liquids and solids. Chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants, the third law of thermodynamics. Fluctuations.
Prerequisite: GE 31.
3 lectures.
Forced convection in high-speed flow. Boiling and condensation. Ablation. Mass transfer in laminar and turbulent flows, empirical correlations and an introduction to analysis by the boundary-layer theory and by the integral approach. Radiation heat transfer, radiative properties, geometrical factors, analogue methods. Simple kinetic theory of transport properties.
Prerequisite: ME 53.
3 lectures.
Theory of fluid power and fluid process control. Analysis of fluid properties and fluid flow as they apply to the design and application of components comprising the fluid control system. Proportional, integral, derivative and hybrid type fluid control. Energy transducers: in fluid control systems: performance characteristics of various types of pump and fluid motor units and actuators.
3 lectures.
Ideal Fluids: Equations of motion of non-viscous fluid; sample solutions of two and three-dimensional problems; Fourier analysis; conformal mapping in two-dimensional flow; shortcomings of ideal fluid models. Real Fluids: viscosity, the Navier-Stokes equations, flows at low Reynolds number; laminar boundary layers; short introduction to turbulent flow.
3 lectures.
Performance characteristics, laws of modelling, classification and selection of turbomachines. Cavitation, suction specific speed. Reynolds number and Mach number effects, small stage efficiency. Dynamic analysis of the energy transfer in the turbomachine, application to the principal types of pumps, compressors and turbines. Cascade mechanics.
3 lectures.
Basic laws and concepts governing compressible fluid flow. Conservation laws. Laws of thermodynamics. Mach number. Onedimensional isentropic flow. Subsonic and supersonic flows. Flow through nozzles. Choking. Convergent-divergent nozzles. Normal shocks. Measurements of pressure, temperature, mass flow. Supersonic pitot tube. Oblique plane shocks and expansion waves. Duct flows.
3 lectures.
Reynolds stresses, intensity and scale of turbulence. The “law of the wall,” logarithmic velocity profile and velocity defect laws, effects of roughness. Pressure loss in pipes and conduits. Jets and wakes. Atmospheric turbulence, effect of density stratification.
3 lectures.
Designed to give the student personal experience in oral presentation of technical information. Also provides an opportunity for students to attend seminars on topics of interest presented by recognized workers in the
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Engineering assignments requiring the
student to demonstrate initiativ
e is guided and co-ordinated by faculty supervisor. In selecting and assigning projects, particular account is taken of the student’s field of specialization. Projects, in general, invoive technicai disciplines beyond the strictly mechanical engineering field.
9 hours laboratory.
and assume resnonsibilitv. Student activity
Ssume respons1oility. student act
Engineering probiems arising from utilization of nuclear reactions. Topics covered include multi-group diffusion theory, kinetics and stability, heat removal and materials problems in nuclear power reactors, direct conversion of nuclear energy to electricity, accelerator design and shielding, and process applications of nuclear radiations.
: Math 55 or equivalent; ME 35 or equivalent and 4B standing.
e per week, 2 hours laboratory every second week
© per wees, 2Ours iadvoratory every secone weex.
Graduate and Research Programmes
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To be admitted to graduate studies in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, an applicant must have an excellent academic record from a recognized university, and must possess maturity and self-motivation. Furthermore, since close technical contact with a faculty member is an essential part of graduate education in engineering, no applicant can be admitted unless a faculty supervisor who specializes in the applicant’s desired area of research offers him a place in his research group. It is therefore important that the applicant indicate clearly in his application th area of research in which he wishes to be +4
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A. Masier’s Degree. The core of the Master’s degree is a thesis whose content shali indicate a high level of scholarly research by the student into a topic related to his faculty supervisor’s area of research. Pursuit of the thesis will involve the student in an experimental or theoretical research programme or possibly a combination of both. Wherever possible the faculty member will attempt to arrange financial assistance for the student from his research grants.
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with such awards being made by the beginning of April. It is therefore esgamtial that annlcatinne he camnilete hy March 1 at the latect OUlilidi tillal a PAPAS UY SVULIIIpPILLW UU AVEQQUNIL L At UI 1ALLOL.
. degree will be requested to give advance ” hecie approximately e months before At this time an asgssesso appointed At this time an assesso: © appointed acral. — L Locte 4h
where some interdisciplinary research is involved.
The requirements for the award of a Master’s degree are: a) that the candidate obtains a pass in all prescribed subjects, comprising at least four one-semester courses of which two or more must be graduate courses, with an average of 66% or better; b) that his thesis be accepted. In certain special cases the thesis requirement may be satisfied by four additional one-semester courses and a research project of limited scope, but which contains a formal report.
B. The Doctor of Philosophy Degree. This degree is awarded after the candidate has satisfied his supervising committee that his thesis is a substantial original contribution to knowledge and has also demonstrated a high degree of competence in areas of knowledge related to his specialization. The candidate will, to this latter end, take lectures and sit for examinations in a number of courses offered at the graduate level, according to a programme of studies approved by his supervising committee. Approximately at the end of his first year of residence as a Ph.D. candidate a comprehensive oral examination is administered by his supervising committee.
The mechanics of thesis topics selection is very much as described above. Students continuing for a Ph.D., after obtaining the M.A.Sc. at Waterloo, may often continue to work in the same area of specialization.
In order to be admitted to graduate study as a Ph.D. candidate an applicant must have demonstrated his ability to do original research in the course of his Master’s degree work. For this reason, should a graduate with a Master’s degree, obtained without producing a research thesis desire to enter our Ph.D. programme, he would have to satisfy the Department that he is able to carry out independent research.
The supervising committee consists of the supervisor and four other members appointed on the advice of the supervisor. One of these is usually appointed from outside the university, another one from outside the department (often from Mathematics or Physics. )
Comprehensive Examination: A comprehensive examination is normally held approximately 12 months after the candidate has embarked on his Ph.D. programme. It is an oral examination administered by the supervising committee, except that the external assessor may be replaced by a member of the university faculty. On the basis of the examination, the committee decides whether.
a) The scholarly competence of the candidate in his chosen field of specialization and in closely related fields is adequate.
b) The candidate should be instructed through his supervisor to extend his reading of specified fields or even to take further specific courses.
c) The candidate is so lacking in competence in his chosen field that his registration as a Ph.D. candidate should be terminated.
Language Requirements: The candidate must have an adequate knowledge of
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at least one foreign language as specified by the department. This requirement may be fulfilled either by direct language examination or by the completion of an approved language course with a final grade considered to be satisfactory. When the native tongue of a student is not English, its knowledge is not normally acceptable as satisfying the foreign language requirements, except when the native tongue is French, German or Russian.
Examination of the Thesis: Upon completion of the research the candidate is required to submit four typed copies of the final draft of his thesis to the supervising committee. The thesis is read by each of the members of the Committee. One copy of the four is filed with the Graduate Studies Office for three weeks and is available for all members of the faculty of the University to review. Recommendations of the readers of the thesis may be in one of four categories.
a) Acceptance as submitted. b) Acceptance with minor modifications as noted.
c) Conditional acceptance with major modifications usually requiring a resubmission.
d) Complete rejection.
Public Presentation: The candidate is required to give a public presentation of his thesis before a colloqium held by his major department. This public delivery will be well advertised in advance throughout the University and possibly at neighbouring institutions. Although this is not construed as an examination, an adequate time is allowed for questions from the floor.
Graduate Course Descriptions
(All one semester courses)
An extension of ME 13. Computing mechanisms, space mechanisms. Use of computers in synthesis and analysis. Four-bar linkage, coupler curves, path curvature. Euler-Savary equation, polode curvature. Numerical and graphical methods. Five-bar linkages.
The testing and evaluation of mechanical systems. Product characteristics, reliability and long-life design. Hazards and safety considerations. Shock and vibration, evnironmental testing. Value engineering.
Analogs and models. Computers as a design tool. Design decision logic, design equations. Optimization. Legal restrictions, planning, economic considerations and decisions.
Static and dynamic considerations affecting design for component manufacture. Position analysis for simple and compound referencing. Minimizing the accumulation of manufacturing tolerances by design analysis. Determination of optimum holding methods.
Classification and estimation of errors. Smoothing of experimental data. Similitude and model laws. Analogue methods in experimental stress analysis. Electrical and mechanical strain gauges, transducers. Brittle coatings. Photoelasticity.
Energy transmission in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Unsteady flow with elastic energy storage. Lumped and distributedparameter transmission lines. Dynamic response of a fluid control systems and stability criteria. Comparative analysis between hydraulic and pneumatic control operations. Analogies between electrical, mechanical and fluid systems. Analog computer simulation. Electro hydraulic servovalves. Non-linear effects in hydraulic system with inertial loading.
Valve configuration and valve controlled drive. Pressure-flow characteristics in hydraulic and pneumatic valves at constant pressure or at constant flow rate. Operating forces in steady state: axial and lateral. Transient forces and valve stability. Binding effects in spool valves. Jet-pipe valves. Design considerations. Pure fluid modulation and amplifying elements. Operating principles and applications of fluidics and fluerics.
The student will be responsible for the formal presentation of two seminars and will be obliged to attend all the seminars given in this course.
One seminar will be given weekly.
Phase diagrams, homogeneous and heterogeneous, nucleation, diffusion, phase changes in metals and alloys. Diffusional growth processes, diffusional and shear transformations.
3 hours.
This course is designed as an introduction to the fundamentals of Metallography, special optical techniques, X-Ray Microscopy and Microanalysis.
3 hours.
Description of simple and extended dislocations. Stress, strain and energy associated with single dislocations. Forces on and between dislocations. Dislocation-dislocation interactions, cross slip and multiplication. Interactions with point defects. Applications in grain boundary theory.
This course will deal with the atomistic and thermodynamic interpretation of the fundamental properties of solids such as diffusion, solidification, surface properties and equilibrium in multicomponent systems.
Bond theory. Fermi levels, dia-para and ferro magnetism. Theoretical and experimental studies of dislocations. Structure and behaviour of polycrystalline metals.
Review of basic crystallography. Dislocation theory with special reference to non-metallic substances. Properties and influence of point defects. Ductility, fatique and fracture phenomena. Surface
Department of Mechanical Engineering
effects. Mechanical properties of special single crystal polycrystals and polyphase materials.
The classical theory of plasticity, with particular reference to forming processes. Elements of tensors, stress, strain, yield and flow; strain-hardening, anisotropy. Extremum principles, field theory, limit analysis. Impact and instability effects. Limiting conditions in forming operations. Time rate and temperature effects. Approximate technological theories; residual stresses.
Modular design vs. composite design; multiple purpose design vs. special function design; tooling design as a parameter in machine tool design; machine tool efficiency analysis by percentage time of cutter contact; effect of climb compensation on tooling costs; three dimensional development by selective etching and tape control. Discussions of actual problems in machine tool applications in Canadian industry.
Interactions of alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation, and fission products with matter. Nature and kinetics of damage and recovery in solids and liquids. Uses of radiation and radioactive materials in industry and research. Detection techniques.
3 lectures.
Polymer processing. Review of applicable heat transfer and fluid flow theory. Elements of polymer science and rheology. Non-Newtonian flow, viscometry. Influence of time in moulding. Injection moulding, screw extrusion, vacuum forming.
Prerequisites: ME 53, GE 32.
Steady and transient heat conduction in isotropic media. Conduction in flowing media. Conduction in stagnant films with mass transfer. Heat conduction with phase change and moving boundaries. Problems of heat conduction in anisotropic media.
Summary of radiation between surfaces, view factors, emissivity measurements. Flame radiation, radiation from clouds of luminous particles. Gas radiation, calculation of flame emissivities based on flame spectroscopy. Optical temperature measurement.
A survey of the equations of heat, mass, and momentum transfer in a fluid. Examples of similarity. Evaluation of transport properties, kinetic theory of ideal gases, Chapman-Enskog theory, introduction to kinetic theory of liquids.
Review of combustion thermodynamics. Combustion of premixed gases, detonations. Laminar and turbulent diffusion flames. Combustion in flow systems, flame holders. Heterogeneous combustion, solid fuels, liquid droplets. Combustion of metals. Ignition and flame spread. Applications of the theories to furnaces, gas turbines, reciprocating I-C engines, and rocket motors.
Two- and three-dimensional ideal fluid flow, integration of Euler’s equations; vorticity. equations. Three-dimensional irrotational flow: virtual mass, method of images, distributed sources and sinks, linearized theory of axisymmetric flow past slender bodies, theorems of Taylor and Lagally. Two-dimensional irrotational flow: conformal mapping. Blasius force and momentum theorems; free streamline problems; vortex flows.
Survey of experimental results. Equations of motions in tensor form; Navier-Stokes equations; some exact solutions of Navier-Stokes equations in steady and unsteady flows; limiting cases of small and large Reynolds numbers; two-dimensional boundary layers, exact and approximate solutions; three-dimensional axisymmetric boundary layers; boundary layer control, free jets.
Thin airfoil theory and its application to blade design. Three-dimensional problems, radial equilibrium, actuator disk theory, secondary currents. Boundary layers in cascades and on annulus walls. Physics of cavitation: inception and growth of cavities, mechanism of damage.
Instability of laminar flows and transition to turbulence; stochastic properties of turbulent flows; measurement methods; homogeneous turbulence models; theories of local isotropy; structure of turbulence in shear flows.
Subsonic flows in two and three dimensions. Hodograph method. Supersonic flow in two dimensions with small perturbations. Airfoil design. Method of characteristics. Design of nozzles and diffusers. Linearized theory of hypersonic flow. Methods as applied to transonic flow.
Fundamental concepts of fluid flow and wave motion. The equation of wave motion and list of solutions. Water waves: Theory of tidal waves, surface waves and capillary waves. Inertial and elastic waves: inertance, capacitance, impedance of pipes, waterhammer equations, surge effects. Plane and spherical acoustic waves, near and far field equations, wave propagation in stratified media. Blast waves in atmosphere and underwater, dynamic blast loads.
Basic equations, one dimensional unsteady compressible flow. Pressure and rarefaction waves: the method of characteristics. Wave reflection and transmission. Flow with discontinuities. Flow with friction and heat transfer. Shock tube theory.
Statistical quantities of interest in turbulent diffusion: Eulerian and Lagrangian probability distributions, averages, correlations, spectra. Specific prediction models for atmospheric and oceanic mixing processes: diffusion in a homogeneous field and in a boundary layer. Effects of density stratification, buoyant movements.
The algebra of Cartesian tensors; the laws of Fluid Mechanics; application of the equations to various branches of Fluid Mechanics.
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Selected topics concerned with laminar viscous flows. 1. The stability of laminar boundary layers and its relationship to transition to turbulent flow. Effects of Reynolds number, main-stream turbulence, pressure gradient, wall roughness, mass transfer. Stability curves. Amplification curves. Instability waves. Development of turbulence. 2. Detailed study of axisymmetrical boundary layers and the use of the Mangler transformation. 3. Heat and mass transfer through laminar boundary layers.: Effects of pressure gradient, mass transfer and the Prandtl/Schmidt number.
The velocity boundary layer. Velocity profile from a Couette flow analysis. Reasons for preferring the power law and the logarithmic law to express universal velocity profile. Local and mean drag laws for pipe flows and for boundary layers.
The thermal boundary layer. Couette flow model. Total thermal conductivity. Heat transfer coefficient and the Stanton number. Reynolds analogy. Thermal resistance of the laminar sublayer. Integral thermal energy equations. Recommended formulae for estimation of heat transfer rates.
Recent theories and experimental evidence relating to isotropic and homogeneous turbulence. Effects of variation of fluid properties and of heat transfer on isotropic turbulence. Structure of turbulent shear flows in presence of variable wall roughness, wall damping and pressure gradient. Turbulence structure in two- and three-dimensional shear flows. Structure of compressible turbulent flows. Mechanism of aerodynamic noise generation.
Advanced topics in nuclear reactor design and analysis: elementary transport theory applications in core design and shielding, coupled nuclear/thermal systems kinetics, fuel and poison management optimisation.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
2 hours lecture per week.
Directed study of a special topic of interest to an individual student or group of students. May consist of a series of lectures, assigned reading, and a report.
Active Research Projects
Fluid Mechanics. Studies of non-viscous and viscous fluid mechanics; Incompressible and compressible flows; Heat and mass transfer in problems of forced and free convection; Wave phenomena in fluids; Surface and internal waves in the Great Lakes; Fluid power control systems; Fluid mechanics of turbomachinery components: secondary flow in impeller passages, flow in annuli and annular diffusers, radial flow with swirl; Problems of Cavitation. Fluid flow studies by photoelastic methods.
Mechanics of Turbulent Flows. Stability of laminar flows and its effects on
transition to a turbulent regime; Turbulent diffusion and its application to studies of diffusion in the atmosphere and in the Great Lakes; Free turbulence in jets, wakes, and plumes; Air pollution; Aerodynamic Noise; Mechanics governing turbulent flow near rigid and flexible surfaces; Turbulent boundary layers with heat and mass transfer; Advanced topics in turbulence.
Materials. Theoretical and experimental studies of dislocations in both single and polycrystalline solids; Physical and mechanical behaviour of materials in reactive environments; Investigation of internal stresses in plasticallydeformed solids; The design and properties of composite materials; Microstructural aspects of fatigue; Atomistic growth processes occurring on solidification of metals; Mechanical properties of bones. Hysteretic damping of materials.
Nuclear Engineering. Economics of reactor operation using digital computer ‘models; Heat removal, experimental studies; Fuel and structural materials, experimental and theoretical studies.
Combustion and Heat Transfer from Flames. Combustion of liquid fuels above the critical pressure; Heat transfer from metal-powder flames; Electrical properties of metal-powder flames; Flame spread in fires; Ignition and combustion of solid propellants; Combustion instability of solid propellants.
Manufacturing Science. Plasticity applied to forming processes; Instability problems and limiting conditions in forming operations; Bulging, deep drawing, strip buckling in cold rolling; Electromagnetic forming.
For further details the faculty research brochure may be consulted.
Music
Prerequisite: Gr. XIII Music or the equivalent, and consent of the instructor. 3 lectures.
A critical survey of the history of music from the Greek period to the present: Special emphasis will be given to basic rudiments, form and style: 3 lectures.
A study of music that is either inspired by, or makes use of literary texts, or serves as incidental music to drama. Special emphasis will be placed on music related to Greek Drama, the Bible, and German literature of the Romantic period, but also included will be music related to Spanish, English, French, Russian and Chinese writings.
3 lectures.
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