38 courses in the 1964–65 Undergraduate Calendar, read from the scanned original. The text comes from OCR, so check the scanned page before relying on a detail.
M. J. Hillier, B.Sc.(Eng.), B.Sc.(Gen.) (London), D.I.C. (Imperial College), M.Sc.(Eng.) (London) - Associate Professor A. A. Bruneau, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), D.LC., Ph.D. (London) - Assistant Professer T. A. Brzustowski, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), A.M., Ph.D. (Princeton) Assistant Professor J. W. Church, B.Sc. (Queen’s), M.A.Sc. (Toronto) - - Assistant Professor R. M. Davies, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), M.Sc. (Stanford) Assistant Professor (on leave of absence) A. R. LeFeuvre, M.A.Sc. (Toronto) - Assistant Professor (on leave of absence) G. D. McPherson, B.A.Sc. (Toronto), M.S. (Ottawa), Ingenieur en Genie Atomique (Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucleaires, Saclay, France) - - - Assistant Professor (on leave of absence) W. B. Nicoll, S.M. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Engineer (Stanford) Assistant Professor (on leave of absence)
K. R. Piekarski, Dipl. Ing. (London) - - - - Assistant Professor G. N. Soulis, B.A.Sc. (Toronto) - - - - Assistant Professor G. K. Fleming, B.Eng. (Nova Scotia Tech. College), M.A.Sc. (British Columbia)
Lecturer
Undergraduate Programmes.
Details of the undergraduate programme in Mechanical Engineering are to be found on page 63.
A basic course in kinematics emphasizing the creative approach. Uniform rotary motion including rolling cylinders, gears and the synthesis of gear trains including planetaries. Non-uniform motion including cams, gears and linkages. Programming non-uniform motion and the synthesis of cam mechanisms, non-circular gear trains and linkages.
3 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, one term.
The effects of dynamic forces in machines. Introduction to mechanical vibrations. Transient forces. Static force analysis, dynamic force analysis, balancing, cam dynamics, dynamics of feedback systems. Prerequisite: ME 13.
2 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, one term.
Theory and application of mechanics of solids to machine parts. Design of machine elements; power screws, shafting, bearings, belts, gears, flywheels, clutches and brakes, crankshafts, springs, lubrication, ball and roller bearings.
Prerequisite: ME 21.
2 lectures, 2 hours laboratory, one term.
Principle of optimum design, optimizing for minimum cost, maximum power capability, minimum weight, effects of manufacturing errors on product performance, statistical consideration for the factor of safety, optimum design of machine elements; torsion shafts, beams, gears, etc. Fluctuating loads, impact forces. Analog methods. Prerequisite: ME 22.
3 lectures, one term.
A broad development of mechanical vibration and impact. Transient phenomena, self-excited vibration, torsional oscillations, multi-mass systems, electromechanical systems and analogies. Forced vibrations, elimination and absorption of vibration. Measurement of vibration. Prerequisite: ME 21. .
3 lectures, one term.
An introductory course in nuclear reactor theory and design, isotope applications and fusion. Topics covered will include fission and the chain reaction, reactor principles, reactor components and materials, heat transfer, reactor design, uses of isotopes, applications of nuclear power and the fusion process. Radiation hazards and shielding.
Prerequisites: Math 31, Phys 15.
3 lectures, one term.
Review of atomic and crystal structures. Theory of solidification of metals. Elasticity and plasticity of metals. Corrosion and diffusion. Properties of engineering alloys.
Prerequisites: Chem 11, Phys 15.
3 lectures, one term.
The crystallography of ionic and co-valent compounds. A study of the mechanical properties of single crystals and polycrystals. Properties of special ceramic materials.
Prerequisites: Chem 11, Phys 15.
3 lectures, one term.
The economics and decision processes utilized in choosing between engineering alternatives and in choosing optimum operating levels. The topics discussed are costs, methods for tangible evaluation of alternatives, capital management, determination of minimum cost and maximum profit, risk, uncertainty and intangibles, elements of industrial measurement, analysis and forecasting.
3 lectures, one term.
Introduction to heat transfer mechanisms. The formulation of heat transfer problems. Temperature distributions in solids under steady and transient heat conduction. Laminar forced convection, the use of boundary layer theory and the integral method for evaluating the heat transfer coefficient. Laminar and turbulent free convection, empirical correlations and introductory analysis. Reynolds and Colburn analogies.
3 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, alternate weeks, one term.
Review of the basic concepts and postulates of thermodynamics and the conditions for equilibrium. Reactive systems. An introduction to irreversible thermodynamics. Applications to selected engineering systems including direct conversion devices, gas turbines.
Prerequisite: GE 31.
3 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, one term.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
§§. Statistical Thermodynamics. Kinetic theory of an ideal gas, velocity distribution function, simple theory of transport properties. Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, energy levels from classical and quantum mechanics. The partition function, evaluation of thermodynamic properties from partition functions with examples for gases, liquids and solids. Chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants, the third law of thermodynamics. Fluctuations. Introduction to irreversible thermodynamics.
Prerequisite: GE 31.
3 lectures, one term.
Forced convection in high-speed flow. Boiling and condensation. Ablation. Mass transfer in laminar and turbulent flows, empirical correlations and an introduction to analysis by the boundary-layer theory and by the integral approach. Radiation heat transfer, radiative properties, geometrical factors, analogue methods. Simple kinetic theory of transport properties.
Prerequisite: ME 53.
3 lectures, one term.
Fundamental concepts of fluid flow: vorticity, circulation, stream function and velocity potential. Integral formulation of the governing laws of fluid dynamics. Combination of uniform flow with flows generated by singularities. Two and three dimensional ideal flow over simple bodies. Introduction to conformal mapping principles.
Prerequisite: GE 32, Math 44.
3 lectures, one term.
Performance characteristics of turbomachines, similarity laws. The physics of cavitation, cavitation inception characteristics. Mach number effects. Momentum and energy relations for fluid masses, energy transfer in turbomachines. Cascade mechanics, application of thin aerofoil theory to blade design. Three-dimensional effects, actuator disk theory. Boundary layer behaviour in turbomachines.
Prerequisite: GE 32.
3 lectures, 3 hours laboratory, one term.
Descriptive and quantitative analyses in hydrology. Elements of hydraulic projects, reservoirs, dams, pipe lines, open channel flow; water hammer. Machinery of hydraulic projects. Hydraulic power plants. Economic aspects of hydraulic engineering projects.
Prerequisite: GE 32.
3 lectures, one term.
Foundations of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. The introductory concepts of compressible fluid flow. Isentropic flow behaviour; normal and oblique shock waves. Flow in constant area ducts with friction and heat transfer. Generalized one-dimensional continuous flow. Prerequisites: ME 53, GE 32.
3 lectures, one term.
Reynolds stresses, intensity and scale of turbulence. The “law of the wall”, logarithmic velocity profile and velocity defect laws, effects of roughness. Pressure loss in pipes and conduits, skin friction in boundary layers, determination of profile drag. Free turbulence, jets and wakes. Atmospheric turbulence, effects of density stratification.
Prerequisites: GE 32, Math 51.
3 lectures, one term.
The problems of incorporating human beings into engineering systems. The topics discussed are: the human visual, auditory and musculo-skeletal system, multiple sensory inputs, man-machine dynamics, environmental factors, human stress, group dynamics, and workplace design; the evaluation and testing of man-machine systems.
3 lectures, one term.
Designed to give the student personal experience in oral presentation of technical information. Also provides an opportunity for students to attend seminars on topics of interest presented by recognized workers in the field.
1 hour, one term.
Engineering assignments requiring the student to demonstrate initiative and assume responsibility. Student activity is guided and co-ordinated by faculty supervisors. In selecting and assigning projects, particular account is taken of the student’s field of specialization. Projects, in general, involve technical disciplines beyond the strictly mechanical engineering field.
9 hours laboratory, one term.
Graduate and Research Programmes
In a field of applied science such as Mechanical Engineering the heart of any graduate work involves a thesis project with substantial experimental content. The freshly registered graduate student interviews several faculty members active in research in a field of possible interest to him and chooses a thesis project with the concurrence of some faculty member who will then act as his supervisor. Normally such a faculty member also arranges financial support for the graduate student with the aid of externally obtained research grants. For this reason it is difficult to arrange such financial support before the student’s arrival on the campus. The choice of the thesis project is an important decision, because a later change in the student’s field of research usually entails loss of time. Active fields of research in which students may at present be accepted are listed and described in the following section. It must be kept in mind, however, that the list is only intended as a guide since new topics are added frequently as the sphere of interest of the faculty expands, while some projects are completed or abandoned.
Once a thesis project has been chosen, a suitable programme of course work to support the research work is agreed upon between the student and the super-
Department of Mechanical Engineering
visor. When approved by the Faculty of Graduate Studies, this programme together with the thesis project constitutes the official set of requirements for obtaining the degree sought by the student.
Active Research Projects
Materials Science.
In one project a plasma torch is used, which is an electric discharge maintained in a controlled atmosphere, in this case of Argon gas. Very high temperatures (up to 30,000°C) may be maintained in the plasma torch with the aid of which, in the precisely controlled atmosphere surrounding the torch, single crystals of ceramic materials may be induced to grow.
Another research project is aimed at investigating the influence of dislocation interactions on apparent work hardening rates in single crystalline solids. A number of experimental techniques are employed to produce slip in pre-determined orientations thereby permitting an analysis of the dislocation intersections and interactions which occur upon deformation.
Design Studies.
The Design Studies Group is supported by the University, the National Design Council and interested industries. It has the purpose of investigating the various aspects of industrial design and the problems of the individual industrial designer. The area of primary concern to the group at the present time is the organizational structure surrounding the industrial designer and how it affects his level of performance.
Fluid Power Control Systems.
One active project in this area is a theoretical and experimental investigation of a hydraulic control spool valve. The flow of hydraulic fluid through a spooltype valve may be highly unstable, resulting in erratic operation of the system in which it is the chief control element. It is the purpose of the investigation to study the flow and to determine methods by which the instability may be alleviated.
Other projects planned in this area include an experimental investigation of a fluid jet control valve and of a submerged jet impinging normally on an eccentric orifice.
Aero-Space Propulsion.
Three projects are under way in the general area of aero-space propulsion. One is a study of the formation of oxide smokes in the combustion of metals. Another is an investigation of the combustion of liquid fuels at pressures near the critical. The third project is the design and construction of a simulator to reproduce some of the phenomena associated with flow in solid-propellant rocket motors.
In the first project flame spectroscopy is used in an attempt to discover the vapour-phase reactions taking place when metals burn.
Transient effects become important in the combusion of liquid fuels at high pressures when the density of vapourized fuel is of the same order as that of the liquid. Time-resolved spectroscopy and high-speed motion pictures are used to study the unsteady effects in these flames.
The solid-propellant simulator is being designed for the study of flow phenomena in rocket motors. In particular, it is of interest to examine the relationship between the stability of the gas flow and the boundary conditions imposed on the flow field by the burning charge.
Ground Effect Machines.
The purpose of this research program is to investigate the influence of ground effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of very low aspect ratio lifting surfaces. The lifting surface envisaged is a ram wing type Ground Effect Machine in which pneumatic side jets and a trailing edge jet are used to contain the pressure field generated on the lower surface. This concept fits into the general category of vehicles known as hovercraft or Ground Effect Machines (GEMS).
Air Pollution.
One project is entitled “Atmospheric Dispersal of Heavy Particles” and is concerned with the rate of spread of dust clouds emitted from chimneys. In the
Department of Mechanical Engineering
experimental work, glass microspheres are blown into the atmosphere at the top of a 60 foot mast and collected on adhesive tape exposed in a grid pattern surrounding the mast. The glass spheres can be identified under a microscope and counted. Another project is concerned with the rise of a hot smoke plume: owing to their buoyancy, hot gases from a chimney rise to some height before dispersing.
Work on the Great Lakes.
Turbulence and Diffusion. Fluorescent dye released at a point-source may be detected in very low concentrations and enables a study of mixing processes to be made.
Internal waves. During summer the lakes become stratified, a warm, relatively light surface layer lying on top of a colder and heavier mass below. The interface, the “thermocline”, behaves much like a free surface (air/water interface) in that wave motions may be observed on it.
Lake currents. Winds and atmospheric pressure disturbances produce a variety of complicated current patterns. These are investigated using “drogues”, i.e., two metal sheets. assembled at 90° so as to offer a high drag and attached to small surface floats.
Graduate Course Descriptions
601, Aerodynamics of Compressible Fluids. Two-dimensional subsonic flow with small perturbations; hodograph and other methods of solution. Threedimensional subsonic flow. Two-dimensional supersonic flow with small perturbations; the method of characteristics. Oblique shocks. Axially symmetric supersonic flow. Supersonic wing theory. Hypersonic flow.
One term.
An extension of ME 13. Computing mechanisms, space mechanisms. Use of computers in synthesis and analysis. Four-bar linkage, coupler curves, path curvature. Euler-Savory equation, polode curvature. Numerical and graphical methods. Five-bar linkages.
One term.
Fundamental concepts of hypersonic flow. Two- and three-dimensional hypersonic flow. Hypersonic small-disturbance theory. Slender body theory. Minimum drag bodies. Hypersonic flow over blunt bodies. Stability and control of hypersonic vehicles. Real gas effects. One term.
Basic equations and properties of laminar and turbulent boundary layers. Skin friction and heat transfer. Predictions by approximate methods. Basic parameter for low density flow. Slip and free-molecule fiow. Stagnation point heat transfer. Mass transfer cooling.
One term.
Brief survey of propulsion, celestial mechanics, astronomy and astrophysics of the solar system. Energy conversion in space. Electric propulsion and fundamentals of magnetohydrodynamics. Reentry dynamics, ablative heat protection, trajectory analysis. Optimum thrust and steering programmes. Lunar trip. Summary of experimental results on geophysics, cosmic radiation, the earth’s atmosphere. Materials for space. One term.
Classification and estimation of errors. Smoothing of experimental data. Similitude and model laws. Analogue methods in experimental stress analysis. Electrical and mechanical strain gauges, transducers. Brittle coatings. Photoelasticity.
One term.
Fundamentals of fluid flow. Fluid power conversion in positive displacement. Pumps and motors, performance characteristics. Energy storage in working fluids, unsteady flow with elastic-energy storage. Fluid power transmission: dynamic response characteristics. Hydraulic and pneumatic control valve configurations. Dynamic interaction in hydraulic, pneumatic and electric control systems. Valve instability and non-linear effects in hydraulic systems with inertia loading.
One term.
Bond theory, Fermi levels, dia-para and ferro-magnetism. Theoretical and experimental studies of dislocations. Structure and behaviour of polycrystalline metals.
One term.
Review of basic crystallography. Dislocation theory with special reference to non-metallic substances. Properties and influence of point defects. Ductility, fatigue and fracture phenomena. Surface effects. Mechanical properties of special single crystal polycrystals and polyphase materials.
One term.
The classical theory of plasticity, with particular reference to forming processes. Elements of tensors, stress, strain, yield and flow; strain-hardening, anisotropy, experimental evidence. Extremum principles, slip line fields, limit analysis. Forging, impact forging, drawing, extrusion, sheet and tube forming, rolling. Instability. Speed and temperature effects. Approximate technological theories; residual stress. Cutting, milling and grinding.
One term.
Steady and transient heat conduction in isotropic media. Conduction in flowing media. Conduction in stagnant films with mass transfer. Heat conduction with phase change and moving boundaries. Problems of heat conduction in anisotropic media.
Prerequisite: ME 53.
One term.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fundamentals of radiation. Determination of radiation properties. Analysis of radiation heat transfer. Solar, terrestrial and planetary radiation. Temperature control of satellites and space vehicles. Solar power plants for space vehicles. Direct solar energy conversion systems.
One term.
Summary of radiation between surfaces, view factors, emissivity measurements. Flame radiation, radiation from clouds of luminous particles. Gas radiation, calculation of flame emissivities based on flame spectroscopy. Optical temperature measurement.
One term.
A survey of the equations of heat, mass, and momentum transfer in a fluid. Examples of similarity. Evaluation of transport properties, kinetic theory of ideal gases, Chapman-Enskog theory, introduction to kinetic theory of liquids. Transport properties in turbulent flow. Introductory kinetics of evaporation and condensation. The transport of small particles of condensed phase in a fluid. Radiative energy transport, the absorption of radiation in a fluid.
One term.
Review of combustion thermodynamics. Combustion of premixed gases, detonations. Laminar and turbulent diffusion flames. Combustion in flow systems, flame holders. Heterogeneous combustion, solid fuels, liquid droplets. Combustion of metals. Ignition and flame spread. Applications of the theories to furnaces, gas turbines, reciprocating I-C engines, and rocket motors.
Prerequisite: ME 654.
One term.
General equations of ideal fluid flow. Persistence of circulation, method of images, distributed sources. Twodimensional potential fiow. Conformal mapping transformation, complex potential. Superposition principle. Free streamlines, Schwarz-Christoffel transformation, Blasius Theorem, vortex flow, Helmholtz Theorem, Munk’s vortexsheet theory.
One term.
Stress tensor, rate of strain tensor, Navier-Stokes equations. Some exact solutions. Creeping Flow. Boundary Layer equations. Falkner- Skan similarity solutions. Momentum and energy integral equations, approximate methods. Effects of buoyancy, heat transfer and compressibility. Threedimensional boundary layers. Stability of laminar flow, the origin of turbulence.
Prerequisite: GE 32.
One term.
Stochastic averages, methods of measurement of fluctuating quantities. Homogeneous turbulence models, velocity correlations and spectra, energy dissipation. Kolmogoroff’s theory of local isotropy. The structure of turbulence in shear flow, intermittency. Transport phenomena in
turbulent flow, “absolute” and “relative” diffusion, effects of scale. Applications to pipe and boundary layer flow, jets, wakes, atmospheric and oceanic turbulence. The generation of aerodynamic noise in shear layers and boundary layers.
Prerequisite: ME 66.
One term.
Fundamental concepts of fluid flow and wave motion. The equation of wave motion and list of solutions. Water waves: Theory of tidal waves, surface waves and capillary waves. Inertial and elastic waves: inertance, capacitance, impedance of pipes, waterhammer equations, surge effects. Plane and spherical acoustic waves, near and far field equations, wave propagation in stratified media, blast waves in atmosphere and underwater, dynamic blast loads. Prerequisite: ME 62
GE 31
One term.