121 courses in the 1974–75 Undergraduate Calendar, read from the scanned original. The text comes from OCR, so check the scanned page before relying on a detail.
Notes
Faculty listed in 1974–75
Department of History J.F.H. New, B.A., M.A.(Melbourne), Ph.D(Toronto), F.R.Hist.S.
W.O. Packull, B.A.(Guelph), M.A.(Waterloo) N. Robinson, B.A.(Toronto), AM .(Harvard)
Faculty member holds cross appointment as shown 1 Cross appointment in Classics
Bachelor of Arts
Students majoring in history should consult the General Programme requirements described in Chapter 8. They will normally choose one course from the Introductory and three courses from the Survey listings below. In their third year they must also take at Icast one course from the Depth Study listings (or from the Senior Seminar listings, if permitted by the instructor). The exact programme for each student will be worked out in consultation with a department advisor.
b) Honours Programme Students taking the Honours programme in History should consult
Note 1
the Honours Programme requirements in Chapter 8. The exact programme for cach student will be worked out in consultation with a departmental advisor.
Undergraduate Courses
Courses offered by the History Department are’ divided into four basic categories to allow for sequential development. The four categories are as follows.
100 level: Introductory Courses (For General and Honours credit)
200 level: Survey Courses Group 1 (For General . credit only) Group 2 (For General or Honours credit) Group 3 (For Honours credit only)
400 level: Senior Seminars (For Honours credit only and intended primarily for Honours students)
Note 2
Note 3
Note 4
Note 5
479 Department of History
General students are reminded that they must take at least one “Depth course — or Senior Seminar, if granted permission — for Honours credit in order to complete their major. A student cannot take both a General and a corresponding Honours course for credit: e.g., 203*, 204* and 264*; 213 and 277; 222* and 383B*; 223*, 224* and 265; 227*, 228* and 266. Half courses (meeting for one term only) are designated by an asterisk (*) after the course number. In 265, 291, 295, 380, 383 and 399, students should use these numbers when registering for the full year. If registering for a half course only, use the alternative numbers: for example, 265A* (Fall), 265B* (Winter etc). . The G,P,R,J, suffixes indicate administered by one of the Colleges: Conrad Grebel (G), St. Paul’s (P), Renison (R), St. Jerome’s (J). In both undergraduate and graduate courses an instructor may grant a grade of Incomplete for a certain time in special cases, such as illness. If all the required work is not completed in the specific period, a grade is allotted. Unless a major portion of this work has been submitted this grade is normally an F. All incomplete grades are automatically turned into Fs after a lapse of seven months for full undergraduate courses, four months for graduate courses.
This course examines a number of topics with the aim of introducing students to the nature of historical explanations. Participants will examine how and why history has been studied, and perhaps come to some conclusion about how and why it should be studied. Wahl, Staff
This course will examine the development of Western Civilization by focussing on some of the major transformations which the western world has experienced. Beginning with a study of the implications of the Fall of the western Roman Empire and the medieval world that emerged from it, it will move quickly to a study of the urban revolution and early capitalism, and to the religious and scientific revolutions of early.modern times. It will analyse the changes effected by the French Revolution, industrialization and nationalism on nineteenth century society, and will conclude with a study of the effects of twentieth century wars and revolutions. Through both lectures and small tutorials, student will be introduced to historical controversy and methodology, techniques of theme writing and research and source annalysis. It is recommended both for future honours history students and for students in other areas who wish an overview of the dynamic forces in Western Civilization. MacKinnon, Lentin, Harrigan, Baker.
An introduction to the historical development of European civilization from Graeco-Roman and Judaeo-Christian origins to the emergence of sovereign states. Fall. Packull
Surveys the history of the social, political and economic changes which have led to the creation of new nations and the resurgence of old nations and peoples in Asia, Africa and the New World. Fall. Walker
Surveys the history of the social, political and economic changes which have led to the creation of new nations and the resurgence of old nations and peoples in Asia, Africa and the New World. A continuation of 103*. Winter Beachey
This course is structured around the series of films, Civilization, narrated by Kenneth Clark, and has two objectives. Onc is to offer an introduction to some of the masterworks of Western art and architecture, with an eye to processes of change in form and sensibility. The films will constitute the core of this aspect of the course, supplemented by prints and brief documentary readings. The other is to consider classics of modern thought by Weber, Freud, Lévi-Strauss, and others that implicitly challenge suppositions of the films in regard to the definition, motifs, purposes and costs of civilization. Winter Johannesen
HIST 110An Introduction to Historical Method "120 An Introduction to Western Intellectual History
This course is designated for able students with a special interest in history. The aim is to provide an introduction to the techniques of historical enquiry through the study of one period in some depth. : Not offered in 1974-75.
This course is a foray into intellectual history which will explore some of the seminal visions of the human predicament and some of the solutions posed by thinkers of the Western world over the past 2,500 years. The work is tailored especially for students who want to be challenged intellectually and who are willing to opt for more, and more stimulating reading than is usual in introductory subjects. This is a course of continuous readings and discussions, meeting twice a week in small seminars: Written work will be required and a high level of participation in seminars; but there are no lectures. Harrigan, Davies, Black
This course examines the development of social and economic class, race and cultural relations, growth and under development, Imperialism and its consequences, and the evolving ; Canadian state. Fall Johnson
Survey Courses
3 hours. No prerequisite. The following course may not be taken for Honours History credit.
HIST 201Expansion of Europe from the 15th to the 18th Century
Surveys the major explorations, conquests and settlements of the Portuguese, Dutch, French and English empires. The eighteenth-century decline of the French, Spanish, and English empires in the new world is outlined. Patterson
HIST 202Expansion of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Surveys European expansion especially in Africa and Asia and traces the rise of the nationalist-independence movements which culminate in the end of empire in the mid-twentieth century. Patterson
A survey of the main stages in the transition of Britain from a remote province of the Roman Empire to a prominent independent state of post-Reformation Europe. Within the chronological framework, cultural and social as well as political and institutional developments will be examined. Fall Cherniavsky
A survey of the shaping of British society and the British experience from the time of Shakespeare to the present: constitutional conflict and compromise, rise and fall of empire, industrial and urban revolution, world wars and welfare state. Winter Wright -
A topical survey rather than the usual chronological treatment, divided into halves on the broad themes “The British Influence” and “The Colonial Identity”. In the first term there will be sections on the institutional framework, imperial biographies and development of communications; in the second, sections on native peoples, colonial economics and the history of the commonwealth ideal. Craton
A study of the political, social and religious history of Ireland, with special attention to the Reformation, the 17th-century rebellions, and the 19th and 20th-century struggle for home rule and independence. MacGillivray
A survey of the development of French-speaking peoples in Canada since Confederation. This course will investigate, in depth, such issues as the social and economic development of the francophone population in Quebec as well as in the other provresulting political constitutional strategies, and the development of national identity and nationalist movements both in Quebec and other provinces. A knowledge of French is not required. Winter Horton
An analysis of selected issues: New France, Atlantic outlook, Loyalism and the crisis of Empire, rebellion and reconstruction, regional loyalties and the strategy of Confederation. Not offered in 1974-75.
This course will take the form of an inquiry into the nature of the Canadian experience. An examination of the social and cultural evolution of Canada from New France to the present will focus on such themes as regionalism, nationalism and imperialism. Grayson
A survey of sexual relations and the family in European culture since the sixteenth century with special attention to the role of sex related ideologies to larger processes of economic and political change. The course will also provide an introduction to research methods in the field of demography and vital statistics, as they may be useful to historians. Johannesen
HIST 236G(RS 228G*) History of Christianity 2 Group 2
Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism from the Reformation to the present. Not offered in 1974-75, Klaassen
3 hours. Lectures and seminars. The following courses have as a prerequisite an introductory history course or the permission of the instructor. These courses are for both Honours and General credit.
A survey of the social, political. and economic history of Greece and Rome with an introduction to the civilization of the Ancient Near East. (Classics 251*, 252* is an acceptable alternative, but Hist. and C. Civ. 251*, 252* may not both be taken for credit). ; Wahl, Staff
This course will focus on Europe in transition (1300-1600) and emphasize those political, intellectual, social and economic changes most significant to the emergence of modern Europe. Davis
This course hopes to bring out the characteristics of European civilization between 1680 and 1789. The first term will survey international relations; religion, politics and society in France, the Empire and Russia; the origins and impact of the Enlightenment, and the concept of Enlightened Absolutism. Fall Lentin
48a
« casi”
_ Department of History °°
Se .
-262* Europe in the’
‘
‘The second. term will attempt to.define 18th-century man in his
Eighteenth Century.
Chr vol Lo.
cultural setting-and changing attitude tothe haman condition, by Sampling his art, architecture, music and belles lettres. These - will ‘be studied ‘under three headings: (a) heroic striving in the «
*: age of the baroque (b) aristocratic culture and the rococco
(c)neo-classicism, sentimentalism and the search for lost innocence. ! Winter
: Lentin’
A study of f Europe from: the French Revolution to t » approximately
HIST 263Europe in the Nineteenth Centuryno: +. '264* Europe in the - Twentieth: Century
‘1900 with particular emphasis on: the social and intellectual forces __ that. affected European society and the historical role of institutions in European society. Fall Harrigan’ ge we pote : . ae . The course will stress‘a close examination of those issues both domestic ‘and ‘international, which constitute the distinctive * features ‘and tresidts “of twentieth: ceritury Europe.
»< Winter -
_267G* Canadian Minorities ~ 1: Mennonites
\
“Wynne
A study of the 200-year history of the Mennonite community in Canada: immigration. and emigration; church-state ‘relations, military exemption, internal and external separations, ‘changing way of life, conflicts between the old and the new. _ Epp
A comparative study of the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, the World War I German Revolution, Fascism and Nazism, the Chinese Communist Revolution, Revolution in the . “Third World”. Special attention’ will be ‘giveri to respective
- revolutionary theories and the social changes which preceed'and
The course will be organized around two broad themes: “Race and Society” and “The Economics of Colonialism”. Topics will include the destruction of Indian culture, forced labor and slavery, American treasure and Atlantic trade, the rist of the great estates, race mixture and eighteenth century mercantilism. Fall Barbier
The central themes of the course are the persistence of colonialism in the economy, political system and societal makeup, and the gradual fragmentation of the region as nationalism and industrialization begin to break down colonial forms. The period covered is independance (ca. 1825 to the present). Winter Barbier
a) A survey of the societies, cultures and civilizations produced by the peoples of sub-Saharan Africa from ancient times to the colonial period. b) A study of sub-Saharan Africa from the establishment of colonial rule to the present, with particular attention to the African response to European control and to contemporary issues in independent Africa. Walker
A survey of American society, politics and thought, and of the relations of the United States with the outside world from 1776 to the present. Ostrander, Eagles
HIST 295BHistory of the United States, since 1865 Group 3
(Part 2 of of 295) Winter Eagles
3 hours. Lectures and seminars. The following courses have as a prerequisite an introductory course or the permission of the instructor. They are taught at Honours level only.
Selected topics in Canadian History. The course will be thematic rather than strictly chronological. Considerable emphasis will be placed on historiography: how historians have interpreted major social, political and economic themes. (For additional detail, see 265A* and 265B*). McLaughlin, Grayson
In the pre-Confederation period the course will examine the effect 1 — of the Metropolitan centres of Paris and London on the colonies and contrast their influence with that of the Canadian frontier. We shall also be concerned with the conquest theory, the development of French Canadian nationalism, the Loyalist tradition, the effects of the American Revolution on Canada and the achievement of Confederation. - (The first half of 265 for students taking only the Fall half-term.) Fall McLaughlin, Grayson
‘In the post-Confederation period the course will study Canada’s 2 development from Colony to Nation — (to Colony?). Such themes as sectionalism, economic nationalism, continentalism and imperialism, Anglo-Saxon Racism and French Canadian Nationalism, Rural and Urban Protect will constitute areas of discussion. (The second half of 265 for students taking only the Winter half-term.) ° : Winter McLaughlin, Grayson
HIST 266The History of Selected Racial and Regional Minorities in North America
An examination of the formative years of the Afro-Canadian, Afro-American and Native Indian communities and of the emergence of minority assertiveness and the position of minorities in modern Canadian society. Walker : Not open to students who have taken History 227* |228*
A topical survey rather than the usual chronological treatment, divided into halves on the broad themes “The British Influence” and “The Colonial Identity”. In the first term there will be sections on the evolution of the institutional framework, imperial biographies and the development of communications; in the second, sections on native peoples, colonial economics and the history of the commonwealth ideal. Craton Not. open to sttudents who have taken History 213
Depth Courses
3 hours. Lectures and seminars. The following courses are open ‘to students above the First Year level. In every case the prerequisite is an Introductory or Survey course appropriate to the subject, or the permission of the instructor. In some cases there are specific additional prerequisites. These courses may only be taken for Honours credit. General students taking these courses will therefore be expected to work at Honours-level standard.
Classics 365* 366* Greek History
Department of History
See Classics Dept. for description. This course is acceptable for History credit.
HIST 343GMystical and Utopian Movements from the 12th to the 17th Century: 1
A study of the recurring dream of the coming golden age in the High Middle Ages beginning with Joachim of Fiore, including the Spiritual Franciscans and the Taborites, and ending with the Revolutionary of the Upper Rhine. Alternates with History 347G*
HIST 344GMystical and Utopian Movements from the 12th to the 17th Century: 2
A study of the Utopian theme from the German Peasant Revolt to the fifth Monarchy Men including More’s Utopia and several — other lesser known statements. Alternates with History 348G* Winter Klaasen
A study of imperial Rome, with particular emphasis on those institutions of law and government which were the great achievement of the Roman empire. Winter Wahl, Staff
A study of spokesmen for radical reform of the church, including - Andreas Carlstadt, Thomas Muntzer, Caspar Schwenckfeld, Sebastian Franck and Michael Scrvctus. Alternates with History 343G* Not offered in 1974-75
A study of Anabaptism and its place in the history of the Christian church and of the Reformation period. Alternates with History 344G* Not offered in 1974-75
This course focusses on three aspects of historical study: the history of history in the Western tradition: philosophical questions raised by the study of history; and the historian’s use of social scientific assumptions and methods. Primarily for third year Honours students. Baker
A study of the evolution of the dogmatic approach. Topics will’ include dogmatic moral and political questions which affected the teaching of the church. Wahl, Staff
The course will focus on selected themes in the development of the Russian state and society from the beginning of Romanov rule to the middle of the nineteenth century. Fall Davies
The course will cover in some depth selected topics of political, social and economic history of the Germanic lands from the Peace of Westphalia to the revolution of 1848. Fall.
The course will cover briefly the Unification of Germany; the empire under William I and William II; the Revolution of 1918 and some aspects of the Weimar Republic to Hitler. German nationalism will be analysed in both courses. Winter Wynne
A study of France from 1870 to the present with particular emphasis on the political and intellectual forces that affected French society. Winter Baker
The development of the Old Regime, the relations of Spain and Portugal with the outside world, the rise of liberalism, and the destruction of the bourgeois political order. The course will _ terminate with an examination of the Spanish Civil War and the contemporary “corporatist” regimes. Barbier
Major themes in European thought and culture since the 17th century, with an emphasis on the emergence, transformation and decline of Enlightenment perspectives and the contemporary search for alternatives. Baker
A seminar on the history of militarism from ancient times to the present with special focus on the social setting and social effects of militarism within modern western society. The works of several major military writers of the 19th-and 20th centuries, as well as criticisms of militarism will be examined. Students may pursue topics of their own interest. Packuil
A study of the international relations of the European states with due regard to non-European influences on diplomatic history during this period. Stubbs
This seminar will study the historical evolution of radical militarism within modern society beginning 1789. The writings of revolutionary and guerilla-warfare theoreticians will be examined in historical perspective. Students may pursue topics of their own interest. Packull
A study of the circum-Caribbean region from aboriginal times until the present, paying particular attention to the impact of European imperialism on the indigenous people, a comparison of the various types of European imperialism, the history of plantations, slavery and slave society, independence movements, and the problems posed by modernisation, underdeveloped and neo-colonialism. : Craton
An examination of the historical development of East Africa - from its partition among the European powers in the late nineteenth century to the present day. Special attention will be given to the slave trade, colonial administration, emergence of nationalism, and the basic problems faced by the territories of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zanzibar since attaining their independence. Beachey
A survey of regional, religious and imperial rivalries from ancient to modern times, with emphasis on the 20th century and the Arab-Israeli conflict. . , Fall Epp
The continuation of History 282. Particular attention will be devoted to responses to the technically sophisticated cultures of the West; modernization; reform and revolution; modifications of Communism and democracy; the development of the People’s Republic. Guisso Prerequisite: History 282
Selected issues in the development of India since 1526, centering primarily on traditional Hindu society, the Muslim and Western impact on that society and the emergence of independent India. Not offered in 1974-75
This course will examine (a) the development of a “national concensus” in British North America after Confederation. Continentalism, Imperialism, Bi-culturalism and Economic nationalism will be major themes. (b) Canada’s emergence as a 20th century nation. Emphasis will be placed on economic and social change, regional unrest, and the development of Canadian nationalism. i Johnson
The course will emphasize social and economic issues in the development of French Canada to Confederation. (The first half of 383, for students taking only the Fall halfterm.) Fall Horton
The course will treat the emergence of modern Quebéc, with special emphasis on social and economic issues. (The second half of 383, for students taking only the Winter half-term.) Winter Horton
A study of social movements in Canada during the interwar years, 1919-1940. The course will emphasize a comparative analysis of the underlying assumptions, overt goals and active participants in such movements as the social gospel, the Progressives and the C.C.F. Grayson
The course will examine the growth of Ontario from a pioneer settlement, with particular emphasis on economic, social, political and cultural aspects of change. An emphasis will be placed on the sources and method of local historical research. Fall English, McLaughlin
The course will examine the emergence of Ontario as an industrial giant and the development of its hegemony in Canada. An emphasis will be placed on the sources and methods of local historical research. Winter English, McLaughlin
Mainly, but not exclusively the history of diplomatic relations. In addition, selected topics of a political, economic, social and , cultural nature will be studied in comparative terms. Not offered in 1974-75
HIST 389Canada in World Affairs: The Twentieth Century
An analytical and historical examination of Canadian foreign policy in the international system: domestic sources of Canadian foreign policy; the international sources of Canadian foreign policy; the international system as a source of Canadian diplomacy; the instruments of foreign policy; the “linch-pin” thesis and pre-1939 policy; and the influence of public opinion and the bureaucratic apparatus in the making of foreign policy. English
An examination of the main themes in the history of the Indians of Canada since 1600. Some attention will also be given to the Indians of the United States comparing their history with that of the Canadian Indians. Patterson
The development of an American civilization with emphasis on colonial and Revolutionary origins. Selected topics in social and intellectual history will be explored in depth. Johannesen
The study of cultural nationalism, expansionism, sectionalism, imperialism, anti-imperialism and the idea of “the American mission” in the world. Ostrander
This course will examine the various means by which nations and a sense of nationalism have developed, or failed to develop, in the Spanish-speaking countries of the Western Hemisphere. Barbier
A survey of scientific developments in Western Civilization from its roots in the ancient world to the present, with emphasis on the scientific revolutions of the 17th and 20th centuries and on the relation of. science to socicty, government, religions, industry and technology, and the arts. ; Not offered in 1974-75
An examination of the Brazilian Republic since 1889. Such topics as the role of the military in politics, of corporatism in economic and social development, and the transition from a colonial to an industrialized cconomy will be explored. Not offered in 1974-75 Smith
HIST 397The History of Public and Private Law to 1500
An historical study of the evolution of law and the legal approach. Topics in the history of Roman, Canon, and Common Law will be discussed to provide the student with an appreciation of law as it exists today. Wahl
HIST 398The Spanish World: from Reform to Revolution,
1714-1833
This course will be concerned with the breakdown of the Spanish empire and the destruction of the society that it sheltered. Topics to be covered include the Spanish Enlightenment and the Bourbon Reforms, the rise of the national and liberal traditions, the Wars of Independence, the period of reaction, and the triumph of nationalism and liberalism. Not offered in 1974-75 Barbier
Study in a limited field under tutorial guidance. A high standard of written work will be expected. Winter
411
412 413 414 415 418 420 421 422
423
424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 435
436 440
442 450 452 453
Department of History
Senior Seminars
493
3 hours. Seminars and consultations. These seminars are limited to students who have taken relevant Survey or depth courses, their equivalent elsewhere, or related courses in other disciplines. In
all cases the instructor's permission is required. These courses are designed for senior Honours students. Outstanding General students or Third-Year Honours students may be admitted with
the approval of the instructor.
Roman History Medieval History
The Intellectual History of the Renaissance
and Reformation Europe and Russia in the 18th Century Early Modern English History
English History from the 17th to the 19th
Century
19th and 20th Century British History Modern French History
Modern European Intellectual History Modern German History
Russian History since 1861
Canada in the 19th Century
Ontario History
France and Its Atlantic Empire in the 18th
Century.
Prerequisite: A reading knowledge of French
Modern Quebec
Prerequisite: A reading knowledge of French
Canadian Labour History
Canadian Cultural History
Colonial American History
19th Century United States History Modern American History
Modern Latin American History British Imperial and Colonial History Colonial Latin American History African History
The History of Native Response to Colonial Rule
Black History. in North America
Far East Asian History
Prerequisite: either History 282 or 375 History of India
HIST 466The History and Theory of Historical Writing
This half course will be offered in conjunction with a half-course in the philosophy of history offered by the philosophy Department. Winter Cherniavsky
Faculty members holding cross appointments as shown 1 Cross appointment in Philosophy
2 Cross appointment in Psychology
3 Cross appointment in Sociology
4 Cross appointment in Counselling Services
5 Cross appointment in Renison College
The department and its programme are interdisciplinary in staff and scope. The interdisciplinary effort is centered about the concepts of development and change, individual change in dyadic and group situations, change and organizational processes in groups, and in social change.
The department emphasizes efforts to understand the person as such, and the person in the context of group, institutional, and social structure. It has, therefore, a humanistic perspective aspiring to illuminate and contribute to the quality of human living. Personal development and humanistically oriented institutional and social development constitute a major axis of concern in the programme. These aspects of the orientation of the department are reflected in its educational and research components, and in the developing involvement of programme members in activities and projects in the larger community. .
The department seeks to achieve a fusion of scholarly, scientific humanistic, and social values and activities. Integration of know-
Department of Human Relations and Counselling Studies
ledge and values is seen as an essential condition for adequate response to human and social problems.
To fulfill the requirements for a general degree in Human Relations and Counselling Studies a student must complete 120*, 201*, 202*, 230*, and a minimum of three additional full-year courses or equivalent in the Department. See also the calendar section dealing with the General Programme requirements of the Faculty of Arts (page 111). Students intending to major in Human Rela-
_ tions and Counselling Studies should consult the Undergraduate
201* Counselling Process and Personal Facilitation
202* Counselling Process and Personal Facilitation 2
220* Small Group Processes
230* Human Relations Counselling and Organizational Processes
topics as family life, human potential and development, the meaning of work, education, technology, and social change. 3 hours. No prerequisite
Models and conceptions of the nature of man. A study of approaches to understanding human nature in its social context. 3 hours. No prerequisite
An introduction to theory, method, and resource development in personal counselling. 3 hours. No prerequisite
A continuation of 201*, 3 hours. Prerequisite: Human Relations 201*
Study of intensive group experience, process patterns and effects — with special reference to groups intended to facilitate personal
and relational learning. Consideration, for example, of process guidelines and principles in experimental groups, variation in structural and compositional factors and in leadership orientation and styles, and of the differing applications and social significance - of intensive groups. Class sections will be small to permit direct learning from experience and observation as well as from discussion, research and writing in the field.
3 hours. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor
Organizations as systems of human relations. Case-studies, for example, industrial, educational, and human service organizations, with comparison of differing systems. Human relations analysis of organizations and the concept of intrinsically beneficial systems. Counsellors and change-agents as organizational “helpers.”
3 hours. Prerequisite: Psychology 253*, Sociology 212* or consent of Instructor
Department of Human Relations and Counselling Studies
Visions of ideal or alternative human communities. Significant attempts in deliberate creation of such communities. Learnings from experiments and practice in special communities. Problems in the design of communities for human well-being, emphasizing aspects of personal and communal life. Inquiry toward a concept of optimal community. 3 hours. Prerequisite:Consent of Instructor
Examines the institutions and philosophy of humanism in contemporary Canada. Special attention to the human potential movement and to various welfare schemes at the national, provincial and local levels. 3 hours. No prerequisite
An in-depth interdisciplinary analysis of the personal dimensions associated with the class system through the works of Reich, May, Marcuse, Lefevre, Lukas, Vallieres, Weill, Fanon, Guevara, and others. Special emphasis will be given to the impact of inequalities in income, assets, basic services, power, and social honour among groups in society on possibilities. for existential growth and development. Action research will be encouraged and facilitated. 3 hours. No prerequisite
An introduction to naturalistic research in areas in which it may be impossible, undesirable or impractical to engage in controlled experimentation. Discovery and refinenment of hypotheses will be stressed since they are intrinsic to naturalistic research. A model for nauralistic research and analysis will be presented. 3 hours. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor