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Accounting and Financial Management (AFM)

85 undergraduate courses in the 2026–27 Undergraduate Calendar.

AFM 100 Introduction to Experiential Learning

The objective of this non-credit course is to expose students to the expectations for experiential learning, helping them develop the skills and relationships needed to allocate their time and maintain balance across their academics, career, health and wellness, and community.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 101 Introduction to Financial Accounting0.50 units

This course is an introduction to financial accounting. The preparation and use of financial statements is examined. The accounting cycle and assets and liabilities reporting, is discussed.

Antirequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 102 Introduction to Managerial Accounting0.50 units

This course is an introduction to the preparation and use of accounting information for management decision-making and reporting. Cost behaviour, cost accumulation systems, and short- and long-term decision models are discussed.

Prerequisites
  • Complete 1 of the following
    • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
      • AFM101 - Introduction to Financial Accounting (0.50)
      • AFM191 - Introduction to Financial Reporting and Managerial Decision Making 1 (0.50)
    • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM123 - Accounting Information for Managers (0.50)
      • AFM182 - Introduction to Financial Reporting and Managerial Decision Making 2 (0.50)
      • ARBUS102 - Accounting Information for Managers (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 111 Professional Pathways and Problem-Solving0.50 units

This course assists students in developing the knowledge, skills, and values needed to manage their learning, ethical behaviour, and career path as a professional with a responsibility to society. The course also provides an opportunity to develop problem-solving, information literacy, and communication skills.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 112 Analytic Methods for Business 10.50 units

This course introduces analytical methods commonly used in business for accounting and finance professionals. The course introduces students to the cross-industry standard process for data mining as an approach to business problem recognition and solving. Students also apply emerging technologies as a means to understand concepts such as variables, data types, subsets, formulas for creating derived variables, and simple models.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 113 Analytic Methods for Business 20.50 units

This is the second in a two-course sequence that introduces analytical and statistical methods commonly used in business for accounting and finance professionals.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • AMATH350 - Differential Equations for Business and Economics (0.50)
    • MATH128 - Calculus 2 for the Sciences (0.50)
    • STAT211 - Introductory Statistics and Sampling for Accounting (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 121 Introduction to Global Financial Markets0.50 units

This course is the first in a two-course sequence which offers an overview of global capital markets. The course describes the role of finance in the modern global economy, introduces the major classes of financial assets, and presents some basic foundational principles of financial decision-making.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ACTSC127 - Introduction to Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM127 - Introduction to Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • CFM101 - Introduction to Financial Markets and Data Analytics (0.50)
    • COMM101 - Introduction to Financial Markets (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 123 Accounting Information for Managers0.50 units

This course is designed for non-accountants who will use accounting information for planning, control, and decision-making.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM101 - Introduction to Financial Accounting (0.50)
      • AFM102 - Introduction to Managerial Accounting (0.50)
      • AFM121 - Introduction to Global Financial Markets (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in the following:
Cross-listed
ARBUS 102

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 127 Introduction to Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics0.50 units

This course introduces financial markets and institutions, examining the role of finance in the global economy while introducing foundational principles of financial decision making. The course utilizes analytic and computational approaches to the topics, enabling students to develop data management and analysis competencies.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • AFM121 - Introduction to Global Financial Markets (0.50)
    • CFM101 - Introduction to Financial Markets and Data Analytics (0.50)
Cross-listed
ACTSC 127

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 131 Introduction to Business in North America0.50 units

The functional areas of business: finance, personnel administration, production, marketing, and accounting are examined within differing organizational structures. Coverage also includes study of the principles of effective management and the financial system as a source of corporate capital.

Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM132 - Introduction to Business Stages (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:
    • Not open to students enrolled in Arts & Business
Cross-listed
ARBUS 101

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 132 Introduction to Business Stages0.50 units

This course introduces key business concepts required to provide a solid foundation for accounting and finance majors. Topics include business life cycle stages, business models, and types of business decisions.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM131 - Introduction to Business in North America (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 182 Introduction to Financial Reporting and Managerial Decision Making 20.50 units

This course continues the development of skills introduced in the foundational financial reporting course, with a greater focus on foundational analysis and forecasting, and expands the stakeholder context to public company stakeholders. The course enhances problem-solving skills through a problem-based learning delivery model.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM102 - Introduction to Managerial Accounting (0.50)
      • AFM123 - Accounting Information for Managers (0.50)
      • ARBUS102 - Accounting Information for Managers (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 191 Introduction to Financial Reporting and Managerial Decision Making 10.50 units

This course is a foundation for the practice of financial reporting and managerial decision making. The course develops an understanding of the importance of a conceptual framework of accounting and generally accepted accounting principles that provide relevant information to meet stakeholder needs with a focus on private company stakeholders. Students prepare financial reports and financial statements, at an introductory level, that are designed to meet the needs of internal and external stakeholders of private companies. Students perform introductory financial analysis to inform business decisions and solve business problems considering the appropriate business context. The course develops problem-solving skills through a problem-based learning delivery model.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM101 - Introduction to Financial Accounting (0.50)
      • AFM123 - Accounting Information for Managers (0.50)
      • ARBUS102 - Accounting Information for Managers (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 200 Continuation of Experiential Learning

The objective of this non-credit course is to continue to expose students to the expectations for experiential learning, and help them to continue to develop the skills and relationships needed to allocate their time and maintain balance across their academics, career, health and wellness, and community.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 205 Introduction to Financial Services0.25 units

This course is one of a set of courses that focuses on the knowledge and skills that enhance experiential learning during a first or second co-op work term. The course covers topics such as an overview of the financial services industry, professional ethics, and problem-solving skills that are applicable to financial decisions.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:
    • AFM204

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 206 Introduction to Tax0.25 units

This course is the first of a sequence of courses in which students will learn to apply Canadian tax principles to taxpayer situations. In this course, students will be equipped to apply basic tax rules to individual circumstances and work with software to prepare personal tax returns. The course focuses on being able to understand and apply income tax to detailed scenarios involving individual employment income as well as personal income tax deductions and credits.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 207 Introduction to Performance Analytics0.25 units

This course is one of a set of courses that focuses on the knowledge and skills that enhance experiential learning during a first or second co-op work term. Topic areas for this course include performance measurement, professional ethics, and leveraging technology for performance analytics.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 208 Introduction to Assurance0.25 units

This course is one of a set of courses that focuses on the knowledge and skills that enhance experiential learning during a first co-op term. Students will gain an understanding of the concept of assurance, the demand for and supply of assurance services, the responsibilities of the assurance practitioner, and the work involved in conducting an audit of financial statements. They will also be equipped to perform a selection of audit tasks that would be assigned to a novice auditor.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 212 Financial Analysis and Planning0.50 units

This course develops an in-depth understanding of financial statements as a system for analysis and planning as a foundation for upper-year accounting and finance courses.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:
    • AFM211

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 231 Business Law0.50 units

Particular attention is given to the law relating to contracts and business organizations. Other areas of study include sources of law, the judicial process, real and personal property, torts, agency, credit, and negotiable instruments.

Antirequisites
Cross-listed
LS 283

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 241 Impact of Technology on Business0.50 units

This is an introductory course focusing both on foundational concepts and emerging trends in the impacts and usage of technology in accounting and finance. Potential topics include strategic investment, planning and spending for technology in businesses, and current disruptive technologies impacting global business processes.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • CS330 - Management Information Systems (0.50)
    • CS480 - Introduction to Machine Learning (0.50)
    • CS490 - Information Systems Management (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 244 Analytic Methods for Business 30.50 units

This course introduces students to the foundations needed for data mining and more advanced upper-year business analytics electives. Topics include regression analysis, classification analysis (e.g., logistic regression, decision trees), and clustering analysis.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 272 Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics0.50 units

This course offers an overview of global capital markets and asset valuation. Topics may include an overview of financial markets and instruments, time value of money, valuation of financial assets, and financial risk and portfolio management. The course utilizes an analytic and computational approach to the topics, enabling students to develop data management and analysis competencies.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ACTSC372 - Investment Science and Corporate Finance (0.50)
    • AFM273 - Financial Instruments and Capital Markets (0.50)
    • ECON371 - Business Finance 1 (0.50)
Cross-listed
ACTSC 291

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 273 Financial Instruments and Capital Markets0.50 units

This course is the second in a two-course sequence which offers an overview of global capital markets. The course focuses on valuation of financial instruments and the theories of financial risk and diversification.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ACTSC291 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM272 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • ECON371 - Business Finance 1 (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 274 Introduction to Corporate Finance0.50 units

This course is the first in a two-course sequence that deals with corporate financial decision-making. Topics may include capital budgeting, cost of capital, security issuance, capital structure, payout policy and dividends, and short-term finance.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • ACTSC372 - Investment Science and Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • ACTSC391 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM275 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • ECON371 - Business Finance 1 (0.50)
    • Not completed any of the following:
      • AFM372

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 275 Corporate Finance0.50 units

This is the first in a two-course sequence that deals with corporate financial decision making. Topics may include capital budgeting, cost of capital, security issuance, capital structure, payout policy and dividends, and short-term finance. Where suitable, topics are treated from a mathematical and quantitative perspective.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • ACTSC372 - Investment Science and Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM274 - Introduction to Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • ECON371 - Business Finance 1 (0.50)
    • Not completed any of the following:
      • AFM372
Cross-listed
ACTSC 391

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 276 Financial Statement Analysis0.50 units

This course introduces fundamental tools of analysis and valuation to prepare students to research, interpret, and analyze financial statements. The course examines financial reporting from the perspective of the financial statement user with an emphasis on interpretation of financial disclosures for cash flow analysis, risk assessment, forecasting, and decision making.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:
    • AFM492

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 280 Introduction to Organizational Behaviour0.50 units

An introduction to the concepts concerning the behaviour of individuals and groups in organizations. Topics may include motivation, influence, communication, diversity, goal-setting and incentive compensation, culture and ethical systems, and decision-making.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • MSE211 - Organizational Behaviour (0.50)
    • PSYCH238 - Organizational Psychology (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 285 Introduction to Sustainability and Sustainable Business0.50 units

This course introduces the foundational concepts of sustainability and sustainable business decision-making. Students will explore the interaction between business, society, and the natural environment. Students will gain an awareness of the different sustainability reporting standards and frameworks. This course enables students to identify and integrate sustainability-related risks and opportunities in business decision-making.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ENBUS102 - Introduction to Environment and Business (0.50)
    • SFM101 - Introduction to Sustainability and Financial Management (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 291 Intermediate Financial Accounting 10.50 units

A first course in intermediate accounting dealing with the theory and practice of financial statement preparation and reporting. The emphasis will be on asset valuation and the related impact on income measurement.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 311 Connections to Ethical Context0.50 units

This course focuses on developing the qualities and transferable skills necessary for integration, continuous learning, and professional development. The course is oriented around the ethical and moral issues faced by accounting and finance professionals.

Prerequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Must have completed the following:
      • AFM182 - Introduction to Financial Reporting and Managerial Decision Making 2 (0.50)
    • Students must be in level 3B or higher
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ARBUS202 - Professional and Business Ethics (0.50)
    • PHIL215 - Professional and Business Ethics (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 321 Personal Financial Planning and Taxation0.50 units

This course helps students develop a do-it-yourself (DIY) individual financial planning and tax mindset. Students will learn how to create and assess a basic financial plan for themselves, centered around the budget, across various life stages. Within each area of planning, saving, spending, and reporting, students will develop appreciation of important financial and tax considerations that will set them up for financial success.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 322 Derivative Securities0.50 units

This course will further develop students' understanding and knowledge of an important area of financial markets by introducing derivatives, their financial applications, value, and how they can be used to manage financial risk. Derivatives discussed may include options, futures, forwards, and swaps. Students will learn how to utilize derivatives to manage financial risk.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 323 Quantitative Foundations for Finance0.50 units

This course introduces analytical and statistical methods commonly used in finance, with applications to investment management and corporate finance.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ECON231 - Introduction to International Economics (0.50)
    • STAT321 - Regression and Forecasting (Non-Specialist Level) (0.50)
    • STAT331 - Applied Linear Models (0.50)
    • STAT371 - Applied Linear Models and Process Improvement for Business (0.50)
    • STAT373 - Regression and Forecasting Methods in Finance (0.50)
Cross-listed
STAT 374

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 324 Wealth Management0.50 units

In this course students will learn core wealth management concepts that will give them a greater understanding of the wealth management industry. The content will focus on key areas of wealth management including portfolio management, asset allocation, risk management, performance evaluation, manager selection, tax efficient strategies as well as the use of new technologies in the wealth management industry.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 326 Student Venture Fund - Analyst0.25 units

This course provides students hands-on training in early-stage (angel and venture capital) investing with guidance from industry experts and supervision by faculty. This will generally be the first course that students take when they join the Student Venture Fund team. Analysts will attend investor meetings, assist in market research and specific deal due diligence, and prepare investment proposals.

Prerequisites
Corequisites
  • Complete 1 of the following
    • Completed or concurrently enrolled in at least 1 of the following:
      • ACTSC391 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM274 - Introduction to Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM275 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
    • Completed or concurrently enrolled in the following:
      • AFM372

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 328 Investment Management - Junior Analyst0.25 units

This course provides students hands-on training in equity valuation and enables students to follow one industry sector. As a junior analyst, a student will understand why funds management is broken into different sectors, monitor existing equity holdings in a particular sector, make new equity selections in the sector, prepare equity research reports, and present trading recommendations to an investment team in a student-run investment portfolio.

Prerequisites
Corequisites
  • Complete 1 of the following
    • Completed or concurrently enrolled in at least 1 of the following:
      • ACTSC391 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM274 - Introduction to Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM275 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
    • Completed or concurrently enrolled in:
      • AFM372

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 329 Investment Management - Senior Analyst0.25 units

This course provides students hands-on training in equity valuation and enables students to follow more than one industry sector. As a senior analyst, a student will monitor existing equity holdings in different sectors, make new equity selections in the sectors, prepare equity research reports, and present trading recommendations to an investment team in a student-run investment portfolio.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 333 International Business0.50 units

This course examines the opportunities, risks, and challenges faced by businesses in international markets, as well as the preparation required to operate them.

Prerequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
      • AFM131 - Introduction to Business in North America (0.50)
      • AFM132 - Introduction to Business Stages (0.50)
      • ARBUS101 - Introduction to Business in North America (0.50)
    • Students must be in level 3A or higher
Cross-listed
ARBUS 301

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 334 International Study Experience0.50 units

This course focuses on offering students insight into the business operations of multinational firms and learning the perspectives of business executives across multiple industries in the private sector. A significant portion of this course involves a short-term international trip where students will directly learn about various companies and the international business environment by actively participating in discussions with company executives about their businesses and government officials about their respective industries. The course will also expose students to a specific topic in the region such as "The Impact of Brexit on the Global Financial Community" or "The Role of Asia in the Global Financial Landscape".

  • Priority is given to students completing the course for the first-time during course selection.
Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 335 Business Law for Financial Managers0.50 units

This course helps accounting and finance professionals become effective managers and better informed users of legal services. It contributes to developing a solid understanding of the legal and ethical environment in which businesses operate, expands on the legal concepts of business organization and contracts, introduces property and torts law, and integrates legal concepts through the preparation of a legal risk plan.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Complete all of the following
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
      • AFM231 - Business Law (0.50)
      • CIVE491 - Engineering Law and Ethics (0.50)
      • ENVS201 - Introduction to Canadian Environmental Law (0.50)
      • LS283 - Business Law (0.50)
    • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 341 Accounting Information Systems0.50 units

Examines the planning, requirements analysis, acquisition, and evaluation of information systems, with an emphasis on accounting information systems. Introduces information systems assurance concepts, and considers the role of information technology in the improvement of business performance.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 345 Business Applications of Social Media Analytics0.50 units

This course reinforces the data analytics process, introducing applications that leverage tools such as text analytics and sentiment analysis to analyze content from social networks to address business problems.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 346 Applications of Predictive Analytics in Accounting and Finance0.50 units

This course introduces applications of classification/prediction methods and machine learning used in accounting and finance settings. Samples include bankruptcy prediction, fraud detection, and loan default.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 347 Cybersecurity0.50 units

This course explores emerging issues related to cybersecurity management, governance, and control, which pose significant challenges to organizations in a networked environment. The course focuses on cybersecurity risks and investigates how companies can more effectively protect their digital assets from both internal and external threats.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 362 Corporate Taxation0.50 units

This course examines the foundational concepts in the calculation of different sources of income and their taxation in Canadian corporations.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 373 Cases and Applications in Corporate Finance0.50 units

This course builds on the theory of financial management using cases to illustrate a variety of corporate financial decisions.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 377 Private Equity and Venture Capital0.50 units

This course explores the fundamentals of the private equity industry. Topics include raising capital, structuring deals, creating a leveraged buyout model (LBO), and unlocking value through various strategies.

Prerequisites
  • Complete 1 of the following
    • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
      • AFM274 - Introduction to Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM275 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM391 - Intermediate Financial Accounting 2 (0.50)
    • Must have completed the following:
      • AFM372
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 382 Cost Management Systems0.50 units

Consideration of more complex topics in management planning and control. Emphasis is on traditional and contemporary cost accumulation systems and their application in modern day organizations. Cases, simulations, projects, and presentations are the key instructional methods used to understand and integrate the course material. At the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how the correct choice of a costing model adds value to the organization.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:
    • AFM481

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 391 Intermediate Financial Accounting 20.50 units

This is an intermediate financial accounting course that deals with problems related to the measurement of liabilities, measurement of income, and the reporting and measuring of corporate equities.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 401 Accounting Theory0.50 units

A review of accounting theory as a background for applying underlying concepts to current accounting problems. Emphasis is on current literature, with a major term paper required.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 415 Special Topics0.50 units

A course offered from time to time on a significant accounting and financial management issue.

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 416 Special Topics in Finance0.50 units

A course offered from time to time on a significant finance issue.

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 417 Special Topics in Accounting0.50 units

A course offered from time to time on a significant accounting issue.

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 418 Special Topics in Finance or Accounting0.25 units

A course offered from time to time in relation to a significant school-related accounting or finance project or activity.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 422 Management of Financial Institutions0.50 units

This course focuses on the economics of financial institutions, particularly commercial banks. Issues related to commercial and investment banking and other financial intermediaries as well as financial markets and regulatory entities are examined.

Prerequisites
  • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
    • ACTSC291 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM272 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM273 - Financial Instruments and Capital Markets (0.50)
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ACTSC445 - Quantitative Enterprise Risk Management (0.50)
    • MATBUS472 - Risk Management (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 423 Topics in Financial Econometrics0.50 units

This course introduces the use of advanced econometric/statistical methods in studying financial market data, and in quantitatively assessing risks associated with financial investments. The methods presented in this course are tailored to address specific issues of interest in finance, such as the quantification of the risk-return tradeoff, the modelling of time-varying stock/bond market volatility and, possibly, also the statistical analysis of financial derivatives such as options.

Prerequisites
  • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
    • AFM323 - Quantitative Foundations for Finance (0.50)
    • STAT331 - Applied Linear Models (0.50)
    • STAT371 - Applied Linear Models and Process Improvement for Business (0.50)
    • STAT373 - Regression and Forecasting Methods in Finance (0.50)
    • STAT374 - Quantitative Foundations for Finance (0.50)
Cross-listed
ACTSC 423

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 424 Equity Investments0.50 units

This course addresses principles of equity investments, including risk and return relationships, fundamental analysis of equities based on macroeconomic, industry and company-specific factors, financial statement analysis, and technical analysis. Portfolio allocation, performance measurement, and ethical and professional standards in the investment profession are also covered.

Prerequisites
  • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
    • ACTSC291 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • ACTSC372 - Investment Science and Corporate Finance (0.50)
    • AFM272 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM273 - Financial Instruments and Capital Markets (0.50)
    • ECON371 - Business Finance 1 (0.50)
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:
    • BUS473W

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 425 Fixed Income Securities0.50 units

Introduction to various aspects of fixed income investments, including valuation, risk management, portfolio management, interest rate models, interest rate derivatives, and institutional features of bond markets.

Prerequisites
  • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
    • ACTSC291 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM272 - Global Capital Markets and Financial Analytics (0.50)
    • AFM273 - Financial Instruments and Capital Markets (0.50)
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 426 Student Venture Fund-Associate0.25 units

This course provides students with hands-on training in early stage (angel and venture capital) investing. Students will develop their understanding of early stage financing as well as learn how to conduct investment meetings, organize due diligence as part of an investment decision, learn how to supervise other student analysts, as well as the how to obtain and analyze relevant information for the purpose of making investment recommendations. Students will also manage the ongoing portfolio of existing investments made by previous Student Venture Fund Participants.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 427 Intermediate Portfolio Management0.50 units

This course focusses on the theory and practice of passive and active portfolio management focusing on both traditional and alternative investment assets. The course traces the process of development of the portfolio objective and investment thesis, asset selection, performance and risk measurement, and monitoring and stakeholder reporting. The course utilizes business analytics practices with a focus on the role of the financial analyst in an increasingly automated world.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 428 Investment Management - Junior Portfolio Manager0.25 units

This course provides students hands-on training in equity valuation and portfolio management. As a junior portfolio manager, a student will make allocations in two sectors, monitor the performance of the existing equity holdings in these two sectors, mentor two analysts, make equity trading decisions for these two sectors, and present portfolio performance reports to the investment team and the advisory board.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 429 Investment Management - Senior Portfolio Manager0.25 units

This course provides students hands-on training in equity valuation and portfolio management. As a senior portfolio manager, a student will make allocations in different industry sectors, monitor the performance of the existing equity holdings in these sectors, mentor analysts, make equity trading decisions for these sectors, and present portfolio performance reports to the investment team and the advisory board.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 433 Business Strategy0.50 units

This course focuses on strategic management of the total enterprise. Managers contribute to the organization through their analytical and leadership capabilities as well as their technical expertise. The course provides a framework for developing and implementing strategy that fits the firm's environment, managerial values, and organization.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • ENBUS302 - Strategies for Environment and Business (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 434 Corporate Governance and Risk Management0.50 units

Corporate governance examines corporate organization, communication with stakeholders, and decision-making. Effective corporate governance promotes sustainable and socially equitable business practices and provides assurance to shareholders of investment integrity. This course examines the interface of corporate governance and risk management.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 442 E-Business: Enterprise Systems0.50 units

This course examines the role of integrated company-wide information systems in improving organizational performances. The course will focus on the selection, acquisition, and implementation of these systems, including consideration of business process alignment, change management, and development of business cases to support their acquisition. The role of enterprise systems in inter-organizational systems and e-commerce will also be considered. The course will make use of case studies as well as examine selected current enterprise software.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 443 E-business: Introduction to Electronic Commerce0.50 units

This course examines key topics in electronic commerce such as the structure of the Internet, basic e-commerce processes and technologies (website, catalogs, customer attraction, ordering processes, payment processes, and fulfilment processes), control issues (availability, security, integrity, and maintainability), business-to-consumer models, business-to-business models, business-to-employee models, e-business strategies, integration of e-commerce activities into other business operations, performance measurement, legal and regulatory issues, and assurance services.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 444 Business Analytics Project Management0.50 units

This course focuses on the development of project management and implementation capabilities required for the success of business analytics initiatives.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 445 Information Technology Assurance and Audit Analytics0.50 units

This course builds on the development of knowledge about, as well as skills in using, data analytics by allowing students, as users and interpreters of model output, to learn through a range of cases that focus on controls for information systems and audit applications.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 446 Performance Management and Tax Analytics0.50 units

This course builds on the development of knowledge about, as well as skills in using, data analytics by allowing students, as users and interpreters of model output, to learn through a range of data analytics cases that focus on performance management and tax applications.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 447 Governance and Ethical Issues with Data and Emerging Technologies0.50 units

This course examines a host of governance and ethical issues associated with the rapid growth of data analytics and emerging technologies and the related role of accounting and finance professionals.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 448 Data Analytics and Emerging Technologies Consulting Group0.25 units

This course provides students hands-on training in monitoring emerging technologies and in contributing through big data competitions. If selected, students monitor emerging technologies and generate reports regarding their state of adoption. Students also participate in business analytics competitions which contributes to student learning and knowledge creation.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 451 Audit Strategy0.50 units

An examination of elements of audit strategy and their interrelationships, including financial assertions, types and sources of audit assurance, and evidence-gathering procedures within a framework of professional judgment.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed any of the following:
    • AFM351

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 452 Internal Audit0.50 units

This course builds on the knowledge and skills previously introduced in prior assurance courses and equips students with a deeper conceptual understanding of internal audits. Students will gain a deeper understanding of assurance through the internal audit context and how to act as part of an internal audit engagement team. The course establishes fundamental concepts and then reinforces the concepts through interacting with internal audit professionals in a collaborative and safe environment.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 462 Specialized Topics in Taxation0.50 units

This course introduces specialized topics in taxation with emphasis on basic planning for private companies.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 463 Introduction to U.S. Taxation0.50 units

U.S. taxation is valuable knowledge for accounting and finance professionals, given the U.S.'s status as Canada's primary trading partner and the frequent cross-border mobility of individuals. This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of fundamental concepts in U.S. personal and corporate tax, encompassing the basic principles of calculating U.S. taxable income. Additionally, participants will delve into the intricate influence of income tax treaties on U.S. tax laws.

Prerequisites
  • Must have completed the following:
    • AFM362 - Corporate Taxation (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 470 Financial Management of High Growth Companies0.50 units

Designed for students seeking careers within high growth companies or financing/advising them, this course develops the ability to relate to entrepreneurial ventures and provide "value added" financial management. This is an experiential based course focused on small group financial consulting projects with high growth companies in Kitchener-Waterloo or Greater Toronto Area. Classes may encompass lecture, case analysis, guest speakers, and discussion of groups' projects. The course includes a substantial class participation requirement leading to the in-depth financial consulting project.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in:

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 477 Mergers and Acquisitions0.50 units

This course develops understanding of the strategic acquisition and divestiture process, particularly as it relates to corporations in Canada. The course focuses on integrating key analytical skills in the interpretation of financial statements and valuation methodologies in the context of mergers and acquisitions of existing firms, as well as spinoffs, restructurings, buyouts and divestitures of existing assets. The course concentrates on value creation and institutional, strategic, ethical, governance, and control issues.

Prerequisites
  • Complete 1 of the following
    • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
      • AFM274 - Introduction to Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM275 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • ACTSC391 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
    • Must have completed the following:
      • AFM372

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 478 International Financial Management0.50 units

This course examines various aspects of corporate decision-making in a global firm, such as cross-border investments and financing, international risk management, multinational working capital management, and the impact of the international regulatory environment.

Prerequisites
  • Complete 1 of the following
    • Must have completed at least 1 of the following:
      • AFM274 - Introduction to Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • AFM275 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
      • ACTSC391 - Corporate Finance (0.50)
    • Must have completed the following:
      • AFM372

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 479 Cases and Applications in Finance 20.50 units

This course builds on the theory of finance and uses cases and applications to further address finance issues and competences, including risk management, equities, derivatives, and other investments.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 480 Introduction to Organizational Behaviour0.50 units

This course focuses on understanding and applying concepts concerning the behaviour of individuals and groups in organizations. Topics may include performance management, organizational commitment, collaboration, motivation, communication, decision making, culture, and ethical systems.

Prerequisites
Antirequisites
  • Not completed nor concurrently enrolled in any of the following:
    • AFM280 - Introduction to Organizational Behaviour (0.50)
    • MSE211 - Organizational Behaviour (0.50)
    • PSYCH238 - Organizational Psychology (0.50)

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 482 Performance Measurement and Organization Control0.50 units

This course will trace the evolution of the role of performance measurement systems in supporting areas of organization control. Topics will include the role of both financial and non-financial performance measures in: the DuPont method of control, the Harvard model of control, internal control, contemporary approaches to governance, and strategic management systems. After completing this course students will be able to evaluate the nature and suitability of a proposed performance measurement system given its design and purpose.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 483 Applications of Analytics to Business0.50 units

This course explores the metrics, quantitative analyses, and technologies used across a range of applications where an investigation of past business performance provides insights that drive business decisions.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 485 Approaches to Measuring Value0.50 units

This course addresses the significant shift in the composition of enterprise value from tangible assets tracked by traditional accounting practices to a range of intangible assets. The course provides a survey of approaches used to identify, measure, report, and create value that consider these intangibles.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines

AFM 491 Advanced Financial Accounting0.50 units

An advanced accounting course considering specific problems of accounting for the corporate entity, such as business combinations, intercorporate investments, consolidated financial statements, accounting for foreign operations and foreign currency transactions, and segment reporting.

Prerequisites

Calendar entryRequirements, Fall 2026Course outlines