ECE 602Application of Integer Optimization to Engineering Design0.50 units
Linear and nonlinear classes of optimization problems, integer programming problems. NP-complete problems. Modelling problems as integer or mixed-integer problems, graph colouring, maximum matching, network flow and applications. Node packing, knapsack and travelling salesman formulations, decreasing search space by better formulations. Bounds, variable priorities, special ordered sets and search algorithms.
Optimum mininum mean-square error (MMSE) Wiener filtering. Parametric and non-parametric spectrum estimation. Eigenstructure-based frequency estimation. Statistical parameter estimation using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS) methods. Adaptive signal processing using least-mean-squares (LMS) and recursive least-squares (RLS) approaches. Discrete-time Kalman filtering. Recommended background: ECE 316: Probability Theory/ECE 342: Signals and Systems/ECE 413: Digital Signal Processing/ECE 604: Stochastic Processes.
Theory of random variables, vectors and processes. Conditional probabilities and expectations. Convergence of sequences of random variables. Markov chains in discrete and continuous time. Poisson processes. Basic renewal processes. Stationary random processes, correlation, and power spectra. Emphasis on problem solving using probabilistic approaches.
Introduction to queueing theory, queueing models, performance measures, performance analysis and evaluations, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, Little's formula, Markov and semi-Markov processes, birth-death processes, single server and multiserver queues, single stage and tandem networks, open and closed networks.
This course is concerned with the fundamentals of broadband communication networks including network architecture, Switch fabrics, design methodology; traffic management, connection admission control (CAC), usage parameter control (UPC), flow and congestion control; capacity and buffer allocation, service scheduling, performance measures, performance modeling and queueing analysis.
Representation of bandpass signals and systems, modulation and demodulation for the additive white Gaussian noise channel, optimal demodulation for signals with random phase, noncoherent detection for binary and M-ary orthogonal signals, hard and soft decision decoding for linear codes, concatenated codes, performance of coded modulation systems, characterization of fading multipath channels, diversity techniques, performance of coded systems on fading channels, direct sequence and frequency hopped spread spectrum systems.
An introduction to information measures, entropy, mutual information and information divergence, noiseless codes and the noiseless coding theorem, channel capacity for discrete and continuous channels, randomly chosen code words, the noisy coding theorem, error rate exponents, computational cut-off rate and its application to digital communications.
Speech generation and perception, articulatory description of speech, acoustic phonetics, linear prediction for speech signals, digital representation of the speech waveform, speech recognition, speech enhancement, future directions in speech processing.
ECE 614Communications Over Fading Dispersive Channels0.50 units
Overview of mobile communications, characterization and modeling of wireless fading dispersive channels, optimum receiver structure, transmission performance in fading channels, diversity and performance improvement, co-channel interference, spread spectrum and multiple access, capacity analysis in cellular environments.
This course is concerned with the transmission and reception of signals transmitted over a dispersive channel. It starts by defining the necessary conditions for intersymbol interference free transmission. This will then be followed by a treatment of error performance in the absence and the presence of inter-symbol interference. The effects of channel impairment, the criteria for optimum reception and channel equalization for intersymbol interference removal will be discussed. Spectral shaping (or partial response) techniques will be introduced, which will then be followed by a treatment on digital modulation techniques, including psk, dpsk, fsk and M-ary digital phase modulation.
ECE 617Data Compression with Applications to Speech and Image Coding0.50 units
This course consists of three parts: Part 1 will be concerned with the definitions of entropies as information measures and the derivation of the rate distortion function of Gaussian sources, which will form the basis for performance comparison. Part 2 will discuss the derivations, design and performance of certain compression techniques, including dpcm/entropy coding, predictive coding, linear predictive coding (LPC), adaptive predictive coding (APC), vector quantization, and tree and trellis coding. Part 3 will consider applications of compression techniques to speech and image processing.
Organization of high performance digital computers, high speed arithmetic algorithms, control unit and data flow organization. Pipeline systems. Stack machines, associative processors, parallel processors. Performance evaluation.
Evolution of computer security. Types of security threats, hardware threats, software threats, physical threats, cryptanalysis. The theory of secure message passing. Methods of encryption, private networks, Data Encryption Standard, Public Key Cryptosystems. Secrecy and Privacy in a network environment, long haul networks, local area networks. Protocols for computer network security.
General class of fixed-radix number systems. SD numbers. Floating-point representation. Algorithms and architectures for sequential and fast computation of multiplication, division and square root extraction. Elementary Functions. Logarithmic and residue number systems. Finite field arithmetic operations. Error control in arithmetic processors.
Physical source of solar radiation; direct & diffuse radiations; review of electronic materials; semiconductor concepts; optical absorption; generation and recombination processes in semiconductors; operating principles of photovoltaic devices; homo- and hetero- junction devices; equivalent circuits; quantum efficiency; current-voltage characteristics; Efficiency limits in photovoltaic devices; short circuit current and open circuit voltage losses; temperature effect; material-imposed limits; theoretical and practical limits; Photovoltaic device design and fabrication; silicon-based devices; gallium arsenide devices; thin film devices; device simulation; fabrication technologies; Advanced photovoltaic concepts; nano-structure and organic PV devices; System-level photovoltaics; module structure and design; back-end electronics; stand-alone and grid-interactive systems; photovoltaic hybrid systems.
Instructor Consent Required
Prerequisites: ECE 209 and 231or Instructor's consent.
Review of the semiconductor equations, d.c. and high frequency characteristics of PIN diodes (power rectifiers, microwave switches and limiters, step recovery diodes, varacter diodes), photo detector diodes, solar cells. Advanced analysis of the bipolar transistor: high current and high frequency effects. CAD models. VLSI considerations.
MOSFET Devices. Theory of operation of VLSI MOSFET's. Short channel effects, subthreshold effects, scaling, nonuniform doping, subthreshold control, HMOS, DMOS, VMOS. MIS diode and charge-coupled devices. JFET and MESFET basic device characteristics, device models, V-grove FET, multichannel, metal and semiconductor contracts. Schottky effect. Schottky device.
Symbolic layout of NMOS, CMOS and bipolar circuits. Implementation of logic arrays, finite-state machines. Technology related design rules. Design methodology. Chip partitioning. Calculation of chip performance; power, speed and area. A multi-chip design project.
ECE 636Analog MOS and Bipolar Integrated Circuits0.50 units
Design of MOS and bipolar analog integrated circuits at the transistor level, topics on analog and mixed analog/digital subsystems such as switched capacitor filters and analog-digital converters, practical design problems.
ECE 637Design of VLSI MOS Integrated Circuits0.50 units
DC and AC characteristics of MOSFETs for VLSI. Scaling effects. MOSFETs in digital circuit design; static and dynamic circuits. NMOS and CMOS. DC and transient analysis. Memory cells. MOSFETs in analog circuit design. Differential stages. Digital and analog circuit applications.
Overview of basic physical processes in semiconductors and their interactions with thermal, radiant, mechanical, or chemical input signals. Review of microtransducer materials and technologies. Principles and operation of integrated thermal sensors (thermistors, thermopiles, active IC elements, pyroelectric devices), radiant sensors (optoelectronic, infrared and radiation sensors), magnetic sensors (Hall devices, magnetoresistors, magnetotransistors), (mu)mechanical sensors (piesoelectric and peizoresistive devices, flow sensors and resonant structures), chemical sensors (ion, gas and humidity sensors, CHEMFETs, biosensors, SAW devices), and micro-actuators ((mu)valves, (mu)pumps, (mu)motors). Overview or pertinent interface and modelling techniques.
ECE 639Characteristics & Applications of Amorphous Silicon0.50 units
Growth and structure of amorphous silicon (morphology, growth mechanisms, silicon bonding structure, continuous random network, hydrogenation). Electronic states in amorphous silicon (density of states, band tails, optical transitions, defects and defect states). Doping of amorphous silicon, defect reactions and metastable effects. Electronic transport and recombination in amorphous semiconductors. Using amorphous silicon in practice (contacts and surfaces). Applications of amorphous silicon (Schottky diodes, solar cells, optical and radiation sensors, thin film transistors, flat panel displays, large-area electronics).
ECE 644Computer Aided Circuit Analysis and Design0.50 units
Formulation of equations for arbitrary circuits, active network analysis; sensitivity calculations in the frequency domain; simple integration methods for time domain solution; numerical laplace inversion for transient solution of linear lumped and distributed networks; solution of nonlinear circuits; detailed time domain solution of nonlinear networks; simulation of switched networks in time domain; introduction to switched capacitor networks; iterative simulation methods.
Analysis and design of efficient (fast) algorithms for solving fundamental problems that arise in circuit layouts, partitioning, placement, and global and detailed routing, large-scale combinatorial, graphical and mathematical programming models and techniques.
ECE 651Foundations of Software Engineering0.50 units
Fundamentals of software requirement analysis, software development as an engineering activity, basic process models, software specifications, modularity, cohesion, coupling, encapsulation, information hiding, principles of object oriented design, software project management, quality assurance and control. Priniciples of Software Architecture: Fundamental software architecture styles, synchronous & as synchronous communication of software components. Languages for software design specification: UML (class diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams). Overview of verification and validation techniques. Maintenance, evolution and reengineering, configuration management. Software metrics, quality assurance, fundamental cost and effort prediction models. Trends in software engineering (e.g., model-driven development, agile approaches).
Application of state-of-the-art high power electronics to power transmission systems. Emphasis on direct current systems within ac transmission systems and high power electronic controllers for enhancing ac system performance (FACTS: Flexible AC Transmission Systems). FACTS include controlled series capacitors, static compensators (STATCOM), unified power controllers and static phase shifters.
This is intended to be a broadly based course covering planning, operations, performance and analytical techniques in power generation, transmission and distribution. The consideration of characteristics, models and performance of individual items of power equipment includes recent developments such as static var systems. Reference is also made to developments in system control for normal, emergency and restorative operation together with the accommodation of operational problems such as subsynchronous resonance.
This course is intended to embrace power electronic aspects together with the broader issues of the systems of energy processing for emerging technologies. Within this framework, topics include performance, selection and optimization of power semiconductor devices including thyristors, GTOs, triacs, BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs and MCTs; classification, circuits and performance of converting circuits including rectifiers, inverters, choppers and cycloconverters; control and protection of conversion circuits; requirements and constraints of energy processing systems such as variable speed drives, high energy battery installations, transportation, solar and wind generators and industrial processes.
ECE 664Power System Computer Application0.50 units
Attention is given to the application of computers for both real-time and off-line applications. Control, protection and performance monitoring of components are related to microprocessor developments. Computers are considered in the broader aspects of system control. For off-line applications, computational aspects of load flow and system dynamics are studied along with simulation programs such as EMTP. The impact of digital processing on derivation of system quantities as opposed to continuous analog devices is discussed.
ECE 665High Voltage Engineering Applications0.50 units
This course deals with the new emerging technology in high voltage engineering. It is divided into five parts. The first part of the course in a review of the basic fundamentals of high voltage engineering. The second part deals with the new techniques in partial discharge measurements. The third part of the course deals with measurements of charge distribution in solid dielectric. The fourth part of the course discusses the optical fiber based monitoring techniques of the high voltage high power equipment. The last part of the course deals with the application of high voltage engineering in power systems.
ECE 667Sustainable Distributed Power Generation0.50 units
This course covers topics related to sustainable and clean energy resources; distributed generation and utility interfacing. The following topics are covered: Wind power generators; construction; operation theory, modeling and analysis. Wind turbine interfacing techniques with the grid. Photovoltaic energy sources; construction, modeling, loading characteristics and interfacing requirements. Fuel cells; types, construction, modeling and characteristics, operation theory and interfacing requirement. Distributed generation concept; Barriers to DG interfacing; Reactive power control applications using the DG interfacing; Ancillary services supplied by DG. System protection requirements with DG.
Instructor Consent Required
Prerequisites: ECE 100 and 261 or Instructor's consent.
Selected topics from theory of solid insulation breakdown. Conduction process in insulating liquids. Hydro dynamic processes. Theories of breakdown due to gaseous inclusion, moisture inclusion and particle contamination. Kinetic theory of gases. Breakdown mechanism in uniform electric fields. Corona and breakdown in non-uniform electric fields. Compressed gas insulation.
Fundamentals of microwave and RF circuit analysis, design and measurements; Generalized transmission line analysis; S-parameters; Coupler and filter design; Diode-detectors, and mixers; Low-noise and power amplifiers, oscillators; Computer aided design of RF circuits.
Overview of optical properties of semiconductors and elements of plane wave propagation, theory and design of light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and detectors, optical spectra and transitions, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, carrier and optical confinements in heterostructures, quantum-well lasers, optoelectronic detectors, bandgap engineered graded structures, staircase type or superlattice structures for detectors, detailed quantum efficiency calculations and detector noise considerations, Introduction to monolithic integrated circuits.
ECE 674Analysis and Computation of Electric and Magnetic Fields0.50 units
This course studies the static fields, capacitance and inductance by the following techniques. Classical image technique, variable separation, conformal and Schwarz-Christoffel transformations, the moment method, the optimized-simulated sources method, the variational techniques and the upper and lower bounds.
ECE 675Radiation & Propagation of Electromagnetic Fields0.50 units
Mathematics of time varying electromagnetic fields, linear antennas self and mutual impedance, aperture antenna, wave diffraction theory, geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD).
ECE 678Fourier Optics and Optical Signal Processing0.50 units
Analysis of two-dimensional linear systems, Scalar diffraction theory, Fourier transforming properties of lenses, Frequency analysis of optical imaging systems, Spatial filtering and optical information processing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) - data processing, Wavefront-reconstruction.
An introduction to control theory for linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems from both the state-space and input-output viewpoints. State-space theory: the concepts of controllability, observability, stabilizability, and detectability; the pole-assignment theorem; observers and dynamic compensation; LQR regulators. Input-output theory: the ring of polynomials and the field of rational functions; the algebra of polynomial and rational matrices; coprime factorization of transfer matrices; Youla parametrization, introduction to optimal control.
Estimation theory, linear and nonlinear regression, numerical techniques for parameter estimation for static and dynamic models, the Kalman filter and extensions, stochastic approximation, empirical dynamic models - especially for linear sampled data systems with stochastic inputs.
ECE 685Stochastic Processes for Dynamical Systems0.50 units
Random experiments and measure spaces, stochastic independence, Borel-Cantelli theorem, random variables, Chebyshev inequality, cylinder sets and the Borel sigma-algebra on function spaces, Daniell-Kolmogorov consistency theorem and random processes, separable random processes and Kolmogorov conditions for continuous sample-paths, weak and strong laws of large numbers, conditional expectations, construction of Markov processes especially Brownian motion, sample-path properties of Brownian motion.
ECE 686Filtering and Control of Stochastic Linear Systems0.50 units
This is a course on continuous-parameter state estimation and control for stochastic linear systems. It is based on a single unifying theme, namely that state estimation in linear systems is equivalent to projection onto a closed linear subspace generated by an observation process in a Hilbert space of random variables. This formulation of state estimation leads to the innovations theorem of Kailath, and this in turn has a number of corollaries of considerable practical importance, such as the Kalman-Bucy filtering formulae and the Rauch-Tung-Striebel prediction formulae which are much used for example in problems of inertial guidance and control in aerospace, in stochastic optimal control, and (more recently) in econometrics.
Equilibrium points, linearization; second order systems; contraction mapping principle; existence and uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear differential equations; periodic solutions; Lyapunov stability; the Lure problem; introduction to input-output stability, introduction to nonlinear control techniques.
Application of formal methods to the verification of computer-based systems. Algebraic and automata preliminaries. Temporal logic and model checking. Decision procedures. Mechanized theorem proving. Advanced topics chosen by the instructor.
As the cost of computing decreases at a phenomenal rate, the use of large format CCD area image sensors increases. Applications of CCD image sensors include industrial such as web inspection, document scanning, manufacturing product inspection for quality and process control, manufacturing product sorting and many other industrial applications. Multimedia and computers increasingly use their CCD image sensors or active pixel CMOS type image sensors. This course will start with the basic theory of CCD image sensors and graduate to CMOS type solid state image sensors. It will concentrate on the state of the art of this field and will deal with the basic device theory, the circuit design and architectures. Photosensitivity, noise, modulation transfer function and other aspects of spatial resolution will be covered. Related Background: E&CE semiconductor and circuit undergraduate courses.
ECE 732Simulation of Semiconductor Microtransducers0.50 units
Transduction principles of thermal, radiant, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical microsensors and microactuators, model equations accounting for the various signal interactions, modeling approaches, numerical solution schemes, simulation examples, mixed-signal simulation techniques. Required Background: Knowledge of basic (undergraduate) numerical methods and device physics.
Photodector Diodes and solar cells, photodector structures; transient and high frequency behaviour of diodes, narrow base diodes, P+NN+ and PIN diodes, transient turn-off behaviour of PIN step-recovery diodes, open circuit voltage decay transient, large signal sinusoidal high frequency behaviour; discrete bipolar transistor structures, the microwave power transistor, the silicon controlled rectifier, other three-terminal high voltage switching devices; advanced technology devices, summary of advanced fabrication techniques, polysilicon and double polysilicon structures, experimental structures using polysilicon and etch processes, oxide isolation, schottky transistor logic and the effect of oxide isolation, the P++ extrinsic base region, gallium arsenide and heterojunction bipolar transistors; numerical analysis and CAD models of bipolar transistors.
ECE 738Low Power VLSI Circuits for Wireless Communication0.50 units
This course covers the system level design of integrated circuits for wireless transceivers. Specific mixed analog/digital circuits such as: mixers, A/D and D/A converters (Nyquist rate and oversampled) for IF digitizing as well as switched capacitor filters for IF and baseband processing will be studied. Related Background: Basic knowledge of Analog Integrated Circuits.
ECE 741AHDL Modeling of Circuits and Systems0.50 units
The separation of models from the simulation engine. The interaction of models and the simulation engine. Basics of a simulation engine. Mathematical tools for modeling. Modeling using modern Analog Hardware Description Languages (AHDLs). AHDL applications to: large circuit simulation, efficient model development/verification, specialized simulators.
Advanced study of software design and architecture; representation of architecture/design; software design methods; patterns in software design; analysis, assessment, verification and quality control for software design; case studies, current research issues and challenges. Related Background: Basic exposure to programming using C or C++, previous graduate or undergraduate course in software specifications, or software engineering should be sufficient.
Models for concurrent programming; data programming; data parallel models for SIMD and MIMD computers; explicit, semiautomatic, and automatic approaches; data parallel compilers; software engineering issues such as program and data partitioning; task mapping and scheduling, concurrent program design, testing and debugging of concurrent programs, performance tuning, etc. Related Background: Basic exposure to programmin using C or Fortran, previous graduate or undergraduate course in operating system or concurrent programming would be helpful.
ECE 754Concurrent Logic Languages with Real-Time Constraints0.50 units
Lambda calculus; predicate logic; inference engines (Warren abstract machine); Prolog; concurrent logic programming; parallelism; concurrent constraint logic programming; compile and execution time environments; real-time constraints. Related Background: A certain maturity in compilers, operating systems, and abstract data structures, prior knowledge of Prolog is helpful.
The application of formal test methods based on the structural and behavioural properties of software systems at the unit integration, and system testing levels; for conventional and object-oriented implementations. Related Background: Prior knowledge of a programming language and a certain maturity in compilers, operating systems, abstract data structures, object-oriented and programming skills.
This course concentrates in the numerical techniques used for the study of various stability issues in nonlinear systems characterized by sets of differential equations and algebraic constraints. Lyapunov stability theory is used to investigate in detail regions of attraction and their dynamic manifolds. Local and global bifurcations in nonlinear systems are studied together with the numerical techniques used to detect them. Different mechanisms that lead nonlinear systems to chaotic behaviour are also investigated. All concepts are illustrated using power system examples.
ECE 762Optimization Techniques in Power Systems0.50 units
In this course basic concepts on power system analysis, nonlinear programming and optimality conditions are reviewed. Factorization and orthogonal methods for the solution of linear systems and least-square problems are also discussed. Optimization techniques such as linear programming, interior point methods, quadratic and dynamic programming are analyzed in detail. Other topics of study include advanced load-flow methods, sparsity techniques and optimal ordering, power system state estimation, security-constrained economic dispatch, reactive power dispatch, and optimal capacitor allocation.
This course includes topics on distribution system planning, load forcasting, distribution system automation, design of subtransmission lines and distribution substations, design considerations for primary and secondary systems, voltage drops and power-loss calculations, application of capacitors to distribution systems, distribution system voltage regulations, distribution system protection and system reliability.
Adaptive control is an approach used to deal with the unavoidable problem of plant uncertainty. Rather than providing a fixed linear time-invariant controller, this approach yields a controller whoes parameters change with time. This controller typically consists of a linear time-invariant compensator together with a tuning mechanism which adjusts the controller gains; typical control objectives are stabilization and tracking.The bulk of the course will be centered on an identifier based approach. Here one chooses a model for the plant, whose parameters are unknown, and the plant parameters are recursively estimated; controller gains are computed assuming that the present estimate is corrent. We first study algorithms to carry out parameter estimation, we then look at various control laws, and finally these are combined to yield an adaptive controller. Related Background: knowledge of linear system.
ECE 784Introduction to Stochastic Calculus0.50 units
Monotone and Dynkin class theorems, introduction to discrete and continuous parameter martingales, stochastic integrals, Ito formula, Girsanov transformation. Held with: STAT 902.